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Plasmatic Magnesium Deficiency in 101 Outpatients Living with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
(1) Background: Magnesium deficiency is usually associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Individuals living with T2DM with hypomagnesemia show a more rapid disease progression and have an increased risk for diabetes complications. (2) Methods: This is a cross-sectional and descriptive study...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8628662/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34842632 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/clinpract11040095 |
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author | Zahra, Hajer Berriche, Olfa Mizouri, Ramla Boukhayatia, Fatma Khiari, Marwa Gamoudi, Amel Lahmar, Ines Ben Amor, Nadia Mahjoub, Faten Zayet, Souheil Jamoussi, Henda |
author_facet | Zahra, Hajer Berriche, Olfa Mizouri, Ramla Boukhayatia, Fatma Khiari, Marwa Gamoudi, Amel Lahmar, Ines Ben Amor, Nadia Mahjoub, Faten Zayet, Souheil Jamoussi, Henda |
author_sort | Zahra, Hajer |
collection | PubMed |
description | (1) Background: Magnesium deficiency is usually associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Individuals living with T2DM with hypomagnesemia show a more rapid disease progression and have an increased risk for diabetes complications. (2) Methods: This is a cross-sectional and descriptive study in the National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology of Tunis in Tunisia, including all adult outpatients (≥18 years old) with a diagnosis of T2DM from 1 September 2018 to 31 August 2019. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of plasmatic magnesium deficiency in a Tunisian population of T2DM and to study the relationship between magnesium status and intake, glycemic control and long-term diabetes-related complications. (3) Results: Among the 101 T2DM outpatients, 13 (12.9%) presented with a plasmatic magnesium deficiency. The mean age was 56 ± 7.9 years with a female predominance (62%, n = 63). The mean of the plasmatic magnesium level was 0.79 ± 0.11 mmol/L (0.5–1.1), and the mean of 24 h urinary magnesium excretion was 87.8 ± 53.8 mg/24 h [4.8–486.2]. HbA1c was significantly higher in the plasmatic magnesium deficiency group than the normal magnesium status group (10% ± 1.3 vs. 8.3% ± 1.9; p = 0.04), with a significant difference in participants with a poor glycemic control (HbA1c > 7%) (100%, n = 13/13 vs. 53%, n = 47/88; p = 0.001). A weak negative relationship was also found between plasmatic magnesium and HbA1c (r = −0.2, p = 0.03). Peripheral artery disease was more commonly described in individuals with low plasmatic magnesium levels than in individuals with normal levels (39%, n = 5 vs. 0%, n = 0; p < 0.001). The mean plasmatic magnesium level in participants without diabetic nephropathy and also peripheral artery disease was significantly higher compared to individuals with each long-term diabetes-related complication (0.8 mmol/L ± 0.1 vs. 0.71 mmol/L ± 0.07; p = 0.006) and (0.8 mmol/L ± 0.1 vs. 0.6 mmol/L ± 0.08; p < 0.001), respectively. (4) Conclusions: Hypomagnesemia was identified in individuals with T2DM, causing poor glycemic control and contributing to the development and progression of diabetes-related microvascular and macrovascular complications. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8628662 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86286622021-11-30 Plasmatic Magnesium Deficiency in 101 Outpatients Living with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Zahra, Hajer Berriche, Olfa Mizouri, Ramla Boukhayatia, Fatma Khiari, Marwa Gamoudi, Amel Lahmar, Ines Ben Amor, Nadia Mahjoub, Faten Zayet, Souheil Jamoussi, Henda Clin Pract Article (1) Background: Magnesium deficiency is usually associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Individuals living with T2DM with hypomagnesemia show a more rapid disease progression and have an increased risk for diabetes complications. (2) Methods: This is a cross-sectional and descriptive study in the National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology of Tunis in Tunisia, including all adult outpatients (≥18 years old) with a diagnosis of T2DM from 1 September 2018 to 31 August 2019. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of plasmatic magnesium deficiency in a Tunisian population of T2DM and to study the relationship between magnesium status and intake, glycemic control and long-term diabetes-related complications. (3) Results: Among the 101 T2DM outpatients, 13 (12.9%) presented with a plasmatic magnesium deficiency. The mean age was 56 ± 7.9 years with a female predominance (62%, n = 63). The mean of the plasmatic magnesium level was 0.79 ± 0.11 mmol/L (0.5–1.1), and the mean of 24 h urinary magnesium excretion was 87.8 ± 53.8 mg/24 h [4.8–486.2]. HbA1c was significantly higher in the plasmatic magnesium deficiency group than the normal magnesium status group (10% ± 1.3 vs. 8.3% ± 1.9; p = 0.04), with a significant difference in participants with a poor glycemic control (HbA1c > 7%) (100%, n = 13/13 vs. 53%, n = 47/88; p = 0.001). A weak negative relationship was also found between plasmatic magnesium and HbA1c (r = −0.2, p = 0.03). Peripheral artery disease was more commonly described in individuals with low plasmatic magnesium levels than in individuals with normal levels (39%, n = 5 vs. 0%, n = 0; p < 0.001). The mean plasmatic magnesium level in participants without diabetic nephropathy and also peripheral artery disease was significantly higher compared to individuals with each long-term diabetes-related complication (0.8 mmol/L ± 0.1 vs. 0.71 mmol/L ± 0.07; p = 0.006) and (0.8 mmol/L ± 0.1 vs. 0.6 mmol/L ± 0.08; p < 0.001), respectively. (4) Conclusions: Hypomagnesemia was identified in individuals with T2DM, causing poor glycemic control and contributing to the development and progression of diabetes-related microvascular and macrovascular complications. MDPI 2021-10-27 /pmc/articles/PMC8628662/ /pubmed/34842632 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/clinpract11040095 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Zahra, Hajer Berriche, Olfa Mizouri, Ramla Boukhayatia, Fatma Khiari, Marwa Gamoudi, Amel Lahmar, Ines Ben Amor, Nadia Mahjoub, Faten Zayet, Souheil Jamoussi, Henda Plasmatic Magnesium Deficiency in 101 Outpatients Living with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus |
title | Plasmatic Magnesium Deficiency in 101 Outpatients Living with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus |
title_full | Plasmatic Magnesium Deficiency in 101 Outpatients Living with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus |
title_fullStr | Plasmatic Magnesium Deficiency in 101 Outpatients Living with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus |
title_full_unstemmed | Plasmatic Magnesium Deficiency in 101 Outpatients Living with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus |
title_short | Plasmatic Magnesium Deficiency in 101 Outpatients Living with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus |
title_sort | plasmatic magnesium deficiency in 101 outpatients living with type 2 diabetes mellitus |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8628662/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34842632 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/clinpract11040095 |
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