Cargando…
First come, first served: superinfection exclusion in Deformed wing virus is dependent upon sequence identity and not the order of virus acquisition
Deformed wing virus (DWV) is the most important globally distributed pathogen of honey bees and, when vectored by the ectoparasite Varroa destructor, is associated with high levels of colony losses. Divergent DWV types may differ in their pathogenicity and are reported to exhibit superinfection excl...
Autores principales: | , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group UK
2021
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8630095/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34193965 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41396-021-01043-4 |
_version_ | 1784607334914326528 |
---|---|
author | Gusachenko, Olesya N. Woodford, Luke Balbirnie-Cumming, Katharin Evans, David J. |
author_facet | Gusachenko, Olesya N. Woodford, Luke Balbirnie-Cumming, Katharin Evans, David J. |
author_sort | Gusachenko, Olesya N. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Deformed wing virus (DWV) is the most important globally distributed pathogen of honey bees and, when vectored by the ectoparasite Varroa destructor, is associated with high levels of colony losses. Divergent DWV types may differ in their pathogenicity and are reported to exhibit superinfection exclusion upon sequential infections, an inevitability in a Varroa-infested colony. We used a reverse genetic approach to investigate competition and interactions between genetically distinct or related virus strains, analysing viral load over time, tissue distribution with reporter gene-expressing viruses and recombination between virus variants. Transient competition occurred irrespective of the order of virus acquisition, indicating no directionality or dominance. Over longer periods, the ability to compete with a pre-existing infection correlated with the genetic divergence of the inoculae. Genetic recombination was observed throughout the DWV genome with recombinants accounting for ~2% of the population as determined by deep sequencing. We propose that superinfection exclusion, if it occurs at all, is a consequence of a cross-reactive RNAi response to the viruses involved, explaining the lack of dominance of one virus type over another. A better understanding of the consequences of dual- and superinfection will inform development of cross-protective honey bee vaccines and landscape-scale DWV transmission and evolution. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8630095 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86300952021-12-01 First come, first served: superinfection exclusion in Deformed wing virus is dependent upon sequence identity and not the order of virus acquisition Gusachenko, Olesya N. Woodford, Luke Balbirnie-Cumming, Katharin Evans, David J. ISME J Article Deformed wing virus (DWV) is the most important globally distributed pathogen of honey bees and, when vectored by the ectoparasite Varroa destructor, is associated with high levels of colony losses. Divergent DWV types may differ in their pathogenicity and are reported to exhibit superinfection exclusion upon sequential infections, an inevitability in a Varroa-infested colony. We used a reverse genetic approach to investigate competition and interactions between genetically distinct or related virus strains, analysing viral load over time, tissue distribution with reporter gene-expressing viruses and recombination between virus variants. Transient competition occurred irrespective of the order of virus acquisition, indicating no directionality or dominance. Over longer periods, the ability to compete with a pre-existing infection correlated with the genetic divergence of the inoculae. Genetic recombination was observed throughout the DWV genome with recombinants accounting for ~2% of the population as determined by deep sequencing. We propose that superinfection exclusion, if it occurs at all, is a consequence of a cross-reactive RNAi response to the viruses involved, explaining the lack of dominance of one virus type over another. A better understanding of the consequences of dual- and superinfection will inform development of cross-protective honey bee vaccines and landscape-scale DWV transmission and evolution. Nature Publishing Group UK 2021-06-30 2021-12 /pmc/articles/PMC8630095/ /pubmed/34193965 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41396-021-01043-4 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Article Gusachenko, Olesya N. Woodford, Luke Balbirnie-Cumming, Katharin Evans, David J. First come, first served: superinfection exclusion in Deformed wing virus is dependent upon sequence identity and not the order of virus acquisition |
title | First come, first served: superinfection exclusion in Deformed wing virus is dependent upon sequence identity and not the order of virus acquisition |
title_full | First come, first served: superinfection exclusion in Deformed wing virus is dependent upon sequence identity and not the order of virus acquisition |
title_fullStr | First come, first served: superinfection exclusion in Deformed wing virus is dependent upon sequence identity and not the order of virus acquisition |
title_full_unstemmed | First come, first served: superinfection exclusion in Deformed wing virus is dependent upon sequence identity and not the order of virus acquisition |
title_short | First come, first served: superinfection exclusion in Deformed wing virus is dependent upon sequence identity and not the order of virus acquisition |
title_sort | first come, first served: superinfection exclusion in deformed wing virus is dependent upon sequence identity and not the order of virus acquisition |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8630095/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34193965 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41396-021-01043-4 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT gusachenkoolesyan firstcomefirstservedsuperinfectionexclusionindeformedwingvirusisdependentuponsequenceidentityandnottheorderofvirusacquisition AT woodfordluke firstcomefirstservedsuperinfectionexclusionindeformedwingvirusisdependentuponsequenceidentityandnottheorderofvirusacquisition AT balbirniecummingkatharin firstcomefirstservedsuperinfectionexclusionindeformedwingvirusisdependentuponsequenceidentityandnottheorderofvirusacquisition AT evansdavidj firstcomefirstservedsuperinfectionexclusionindeformedwingvirusisdependentuponsequenceidentityandnottheorderofvirusacquisition |