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Effects of Different Bleaching Agents on the Surface Topography and the Microhardness of Artificial Carious Lesions
Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of in-office and at-home bleaching agent applications on the surface topography and microhardness of artificially demineralized enamel. Materials and Methods A total of 224 enamel specimens were prepared using bovine sound central incisors...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8630965/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34428848 http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1728237 |
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author | Owda, Rasha Sancakli, Hande Sar |
author_facet | Owda, Rasha Sancakli, Hande Sar |
author_sort | Owda, Rasha |
collection | PubMed |
description | Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of in-office and at-home bleaching agent applications on the surface topography and microhardness of artificially demineralized enamel. Materials and Methods A total of 224 enamel specimens were prepared using bovine sound central incisors. 4 mm × 4 mm enamel windows were exposed on the buccal surfaces covering the remaining surface with nail varnish. Samples were immersed in a demineralizing solution for 16 hours to produce artificial caries lesions, then divided into four groups according to the bleaching agent’s type and concentration. Group I; in-office bleaching 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) (Whiteness HP Maxx; FGM, Brazil), Group II and Group III at-home bleaching 16 and 22% carbamide peroxide CP, respectively (Whiteness Perfect). Group IV; control (not bleached). The microhardness Vickers hardness number (VHN) was measured at the baseline, after demineralization, and after bleaching consequently. The micro-surface changes of the enamel surface after demineralization and bleaching were evaluated by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Statistical Analysis Data were evaluated by the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test followed by Post Hoc Tukey’s and Fisher’s least significant difference. Tow- sided p -values were considered statistically significant at p ≤ 0.05. Results A significant reduction was noticed in the enamel microhardness after demineralization p < 0.05. However, there is no statistically significant difference between the mean VHN of the demineralized and bleached enamel ( p > 0.001). SEM images showed significant changes on the surface of the demineralized enamel after bleaching (pattern type III). Conclusions The low and high concentrations of HP and CP bleaching agents increased the demineralization severity of artificial caries lesions without significantly altering their microhardness values. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8630965 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86309652021-12-02 Effects of Different Bleaching Agents on the Surface Topography and the Microhardness of Artificial Carious Lesions Owda, Rasha Sancakli, Hande Sar Eur J Dent Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of in-office and at-home bleaching agent applications on the surface topography and microhardness of artificially demineralized enamel. Materials and Methods A total of 224 enamel specimens were prepared using bovine sound central incisors. 4 mm × 4 mm enamel windows were exposed on the buccal surfaces covering the remaining surface with nail varnish. Samples were immersed in a demineralizing solution for 16 hours to produce artificial caries lesions, then divided into four groups according to the bleaching agent’s type and concentration. Group I; in-office bleaching 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) (Whiteness HP Maxx; FGM, Brazil), Group II and Group III at-home bleaching 16 and 22% carbamide peroxide CP, respectively (Whiteness Perfect). Group IV; control (not bleached). The microhardness Vickers hardness number (VHN) was measured at the baseline, after demineralization, and after bleaching consequently. The micro-surface changes of the enamel surface after demineralization and bleaching were evaluated by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Statistical Analysis Data were evaluated by the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test followed by Post Hoc Tukey’s and Fisher’s least significant difference. Tow- sided p -values were considered statistically significant at p ≤ 0.05. Results A significant reduction was noticed in the enamel microhardness after demineralization p < 0.05. However, there is no statistically significant difference between the mean VHN of the demineralized and bleached enamel ( p > 0.001). SEM images showed significant changes on the surface of the demineralized enamel after bleaching (pattern type III). Conclusions The low and high concentrations of HP and CP bleaching agents increased the demineralization severity of artificial caries lesions without significantly altering their microhardness values. Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd. 2021-08-24 /pmc/articles/PMC8630965/ /pubmed/34428848 http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1728237 Text en European Journal of Dentistry. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial-License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License, which permits unrestricted reproduction and distribution, for non-commercial purposes only; and use and reproduction, but not distribution, of adapted material for non-commercial purposes only, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Owda, Rasha Sancakli, Hande Sar Effects of Different Bleaching Agents on the Surface Topography and the Microhardness of Artificial Carious Lesions |
title | Effects of Different Bleaching Agents on the Surface Topography and the Microhardness of Artificial Carious Lesions |
title_full | Effects of Different Bleaching Agents on the Surface Topography and the Microhardness of Artificial Carious Lesions |
title_fullStr | Effects of Different Bleaching Agents on the Surface Topography and the Microhardness of Artificial Carious Lesions |
title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Different Bleaching Agents on the Surface Topography and the Microhardness of Artificial Carious Lesions |
title_short | Effects of Different Bleaching Agents on the Surface Topography and the Microhardness of Artificial Carious Lesions |
title_sort | effects of different bleaching agents on the surface topography and the microhardness of artificial carious lesions |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8630965/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34428848 http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1728237 |
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