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Blood Levels of Glutamine and Nitrotyrosine in Patients with Chronic Viral Hepatitis

PURPOSE: Oxidative stress is involved in pathogenesis of chronic viral hepatitis. Glutamine is an antioxidant, but there is a controversy about its risk-benefits. Nitrotyrosine is an oxidative stress marker. This observational cross-sectional study was designed to compare blood levels of glutamine a...

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Autores principales: Murad, Hussam, Tayeb, Haythum, Mosli, Mahmoud, Rafeeq, Misbahuddin, Basheikh, Mohammed
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Dove 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8631182/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34858046
http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IJGM.S337909
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author Murad, Hussam
Tayeb, Haythum
Mosli, Mahmoud
Rafeeq, Misbahuddin
Basheikh, Mohammed
author_facet Murad, Hussam
Tayeb, Haythum
Mosli, Mahmoud
Rafeeq, Misbahuddin
Basheikh, Mohammed
author_sort Murad, Hussam
collection PubMed
description PURPOSE: Oxidative stress is involved in pathogenesis of chronic viral hepatitis. Glutamine is an antioxidant, but there is a controversy about its risk-benefits. Nitrotyrosine is an oxidative stress marker. This observational cross-sectional study was designed to compare blood levels of glutamine and nitrotyrosine in treated versus untreated chronic viral hepatitis patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Five groups (n = 250) were included: hepatitis B untreated (HBV), hepatitis C untreated (HCV), HBV treated (HBVT), and HCV treated (HCVT) groups plus a normal control group. Liver function tests and blood levels of glutamine, nitrotyrosine, viral loads, and HBsAg were measured. RESULTS: Blood levels of glutamine and nitrotyrosine in all patient groups significantly increased compared with normal controls with non-significant differences in-between. Both tests showed significant large correlations with HBV-DNA or HCV-RNA test positivity, high accuracies, and cutoff scores with high sensitivities and specificities. The viral loads and HBsAg levels were significantly lower in treated versus untreated groups. However, they poorly correlated with levels of glutamine and nitrotyrosine in all patient groups. CONCLUSION: Blood levels of glutamine and nitrotyrosine significantly increased in treated and untreated chronic viral hepatitis B and C patients compared with normal controls. Both tests showed high accuracies and cutoff scores with high sensitivities and specificities. However, they did not differ significantly in treated versus untreated patients. To our knowledge, this is the first data showing elevation of glutamine and nitrotyrosine in treated and untreated chronic viral hepatitis. A prospective longitudinal study with repeated measurements of glutamine and nitrotyrosine is recommended to verify if they can predict response to treatment. Study of other oxidative stress markers is also advised to clarify if the elevated nitrotyrosine could be an oxidative stress marker in these patients, and whether the increased glutamine could act as an antioxidant or as a predictive agent for deleterious consequences.
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spelling pubmed-86311822021-12-01 Blood Levels of Glutamine and Nitrotyrosine in Patients with Chronic Viral Hepatitis Murad, Hussam Tayeb, Haythum Mosli, Mahmoud Rafeeq, Misbahuddin Basheikh, Mohammed Int J Gen Med Original Research PURPOSE: Oxidative stress is involved in pathogenesis of chronic viral hepatitis. Glutamine is an antioxidant, but there is a controversy about its risk-benefits. Nitrotyrosine is an oxidative stress marker. This observational cross-sectional study was designed to compare blood levels of glutamine and nitrotyrosine in treated versus untreated chronic viral hepatitis patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Five groups (n = 250) were included: hepatitis B untreated (HBV), hepatitis C untreated (HCV), HBV treated (HBVT), and HCV treated (HCVT) groups plus a normal control group. Liver function tests and blood levels of glutamine, nitrotyrosine, viral loads, and HBsAg were measured. RESULTS: Blood levels of glutamine and nitrotyrosine in all patient groups significantly increased compared with normal controls with non-significant differences in-between. Both tests showed significant large correlations with HBV-DNA or HCV-RNA test positivity, high accuracies, and cutoff scores with high sensitivities and specificities. The viral loads and HBsAg levels were significantly lower in treated versus untreated groups. However, they poorly correlated with levels of glutamine and nitrotyrosine in all patient groups. CONCLUSION: Blood levels of glutamine and nitrotyrosine significantly increased in treated and untreated chronic viral hepatitis B and C patients compared with normal controls. Both tests showed high accuracies and cutoff scores with high sensitivities and specificities. However, they did not differ significantly in treated versus untreated patients. To our knowledge, this is the first data showing elevation of glutamine and nitrotyrosine in treated and untreated chronic viral hepatitis. A prospective longitudinal study with repeated measurements of glutamine and nitrotyrosine is recommended to verify if they can predict response to treatment. Study of other oxidative stress markers is also advised to clarify if the elevated nitrotyrosine could be an oxidative stress marker in these patients, and whether the increased glutamine could act as an antioxidant or as a predictive agent for deleterious consequences. Dove 2021-11-24 /pmc/articles/PMC8631182/ /pubmed/34858046 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IJGM.S337909 Text en © 2021 Murad et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) ). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms (https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php).
spellingShingle Original Research
Murad, Hussam
Tayeb, Haythum
Mosli, Mahmoud
Rafeeq, Misbahuddin
Basheikh, Mohammed
Blood Levels of Glutamine and Nitrotyrosine in Patients with Chronic Viral Hepatitis
title Blood Levels of Glutamine and Nitrotyrosine in Patients with Chronic Viral Hepatitis
title_full Blood Levels of Glutamine and Nitrotyrosine in Patients with Chronic Viral Hepatitis
title_fullStr Blood Levels of Glutamine and Nitrotyrosine in Patients with Chronic Viral Hepatitis
title_full_unstemmed Blood Levels of Glutamine and Nitrotyrosine in Patients with Chronic Viral Hepatitis
title_short Blood Levels of Glutamine and Nitrotyrosine in Patients with Chronic Viral Hepatitis
title_sort blood levels of glutamine and nitrotyrosine in patients with chronic viral hepatitis
topic Original Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8631182/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34858046
http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IJGM.S337909
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