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Oyster Biodeposition Alleviates Sediment Nutrient Overload: A Case Study at Shenzhen Bay, China
Oysters are ecological engineers, and previous studies have examined their role as competent facilitators of ecological restoration. However, the decisive role of oysters in the aquatic environment is still debatable because oyster biodeposition (OBD) may also increase the nutrients enriched in sedi...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8631438/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34858359 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.716201 |
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author | Mangi, Autif Hussain Yan, Qi Song, Xiao Song, Junting Lan, Xia Zhou, Jin Cai, Zhong-Hua |
author_facet | Mangi, Autif Hussain Yan, Qi Song, Xiao Song, Junting Lan, Xia Zhou, Jin Cai, Zhong-Hua |
author_sort | Mangi, Autif Hussain |
collection | PubMed |
description | Oysters are ecological engineers, and previous studies have examined their role as competent facilitators of ecological restoration. However, the decisive role of oysters in the aquatic environment is still debatable because oyster biodeposition (OBD) may also increase the nutrients enriched in sediments. In order to better interpret this problem, we sampled sediment cores from representative oyster culture areas and uncultured areas in Shenzhen Bay. The results have shown that the TOC (total organic carbon) and TN (total nitrogen) decreased significantly (p < 0.05) at the surface sediment layer (0–20-cm deep) and the sediment layer (20–40-cm deep) of the oyster site compared with the reference site. The decreased TOC and TN were also observed at 60- to 100-cm sediment depth in the oyster site. This indicated that the OBD significantly impacted the concentration of TOC and TN in the sediment. To confirm the alleviative role of OBD, we conducted stable isotope (δ(13)C and δ(15)N) analyses, which further demonstrated the presence of heavier and less lighter forms of organic carbon and nitrogen sediment. The surface sediment layer (0–20 cm) at the oyster site showed 8% more δ(13)C‰ compared with the control site (p < 0.05), reflecting the reduction in the TOC. In order to reveal the potential microbial mechanisms involved in OBD, we performed a functional analysis using the Geochip5 advanced microarray technology. Regarding carbon metabolism, we observed that genes (encoding pullulanase, glucoamylase, exoglucanase, cellobiase, and xylanase) involved in the degradation of relatively labile C-based molecules (e.g., starch, cellulose, and hemicellulose) were highly represented in an experimental area (p < 0.05). In addition, microbes in the experimental area exhibited a greater capacity for degrading recalcitrant C (e.g., lignin), which involves glyoxal oxidase (glx), manganese peroxidase (mnp), and phenol oxidase. Among the genes controlling nitrogen metabolism, the genes involved in denitrification, assimilation, ammonification, and nitrification were differentially expressed compared with the control area. These results indicated that microbial metabolic roles might have enhanced the C/N-flux speed and reduced the overall nutrient status. We concluded that OBD alleviates sediment nutrient overload under oyster farming from a microbial ecological perspective in a rapidly urbanized coastal area. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8631438 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86314382021-12-01 Oyster Biodeposition Alleviates Sediment Nutrient Overload: A Case Study at Shenzhen Bay, China Mangi, Autif Hussain Yan, Qi Song, Xiao Song, Junting Lan, Xia Zhou, Jin Cai, Zhong-Hua Front Microbiol Microbiology Oysters are ecological engineers, and previous studies have examined their role as competent facilitators of ecological restoration. However, the decisive role of oysters in the aquatic environment is still debatable because oyster biodeposition (OBD) may also increase the nutrients enriched in sediments. In order to better interpret this problem, we sampled sediment cores from representative oyster culture areas and uncultured areas in Shenzhen Bay. The results have shown that the TOC (total organic carbon) and TN (total nitrogen) decreased significantly (p < 0.05) at the surface sediment layer (0–20-cm deep) and the sediment layer (20–40-cm deep) of the oyster site compared with the reference site. The decreased TOC and TN were also observed at 60- to 100-cm sediment depth in the oyster site. This indicated that the OBD significantly impacted the concentration of TOC and TN in the sediment. To confirm the alleviative role of OBD, we conducted stable isotope (δ(13)C and δ(15)N) analyses, which further demonstrated the presence of heavier and less lighter forms of organic carbon and nitrogen sediment. The surface sediment layer (0–20 cm) at the oyster site showed 8% more δ(13)C‰ compared with the control site (p < 0.05), reflecting the reduction in the TOC. In order to reveal the potential microbial mechanisms involved in OBD, we performed a functional analysis using the Geochip5 advanced microarray technology. Regarding carbon metabolism, we observed that genes (encoding pullulanase, glucoamylase, exoglucanase, cellobiase, and xylanase) involved in the degradation of relatively labile C-based molecules (e.g., starch, cellulose, and hemicellulose) were highly represented in an experimental area (p < 0.05). In addition, microbes in the experimental area exhibited a greater capacity for degrading recalcitrant C (e.g., lignin), which involves glyoxal oxidase (glx), manganese peroxidase (mnp), and phenol oxidase. Among the genes controlling nitrogen metabolism, the genes involved in denitrification, assimilation, ammonification, and nitrification were differentially expressed compared with the control area. These results indicated that microbial metabolic roles might have enhanced the C/N-flux speed and reduced the overall nutrient status. We concluded that OBD alleviates sediment nutrient overload under oyster farming from a microbial ecological perspective in a rapidly urbanized coastal area. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-11-10 /pmc/articles/PMC8631438/ /pubmed/34858359 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.716201 Text en Copyright © 2021 Mangi, Yan, Song, Song, Lan, Zhou and Cai. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Microbiology Mangi, Autif Hussain Yan, Qi Song, Xiao Song, Junting Lan, Xia Zhou, Jin Cai, Zhong-Hua Oyster Biodeposition Alleviates Sediment Nutrient Overload: A Case Study at Shenzhen Bay, China |
title | Oyster Biodeposition Alleviates Sediment Nutrient Overload: A Case Study at Shenzhen Bay, China |
title_full | Oyster Biodeposition Alleviates Sediment Nutrient Overload: A Case Study at Shenzhen Bay, China |
title_fullStr | Oyster Biodeposition Alleviates Sediment Nutrient Overload: A Case Study at Shenzhen Bay, China |
title_full_unstemmed | Oyster Biodeposition Alleviates Sediment Nutrient Overload: A Case Study at Shenzhen Bay, China |
title_short | Oyster Biodeposition Alleviates Sediment Nutrient Overload: A Case Study at Shenzhen Bay, China |
title_sort | oyster biodeposition alleviates sediment nutrient overload: a case study at shenzhen bay, china |
topic | Microbiology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8631438/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34858359 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.716201 |
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