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Functional Analysis of the “Green Revolution” Gene Photoperiod-1 and Its Selection Trends During Bread Wheat Breeding

Flowering is central to the transformation of plants from vegetative growth to reproductive growth. The circadian clock system enables plants to sense the changes in the external environment and to modify the growth and development process at an appropriate time. Photoperiod-1 (Ppd-1), which is cont...

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Autores principales: Wu, Yongzhen, Liu, Jiahui, Hu, Guimei, Xue, Huixian, Xu, Huiyuan, Zhao, Chunhua, Qin, Ran, Cui, Fa, Sun, Han
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8631784/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34858454
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.745411
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author Wu, Yongzhen
Liu, Jiahui
Hu, Guimei
Xue, Huixian
Xu, Huiyuan
Zhao, Chunhua
Qin, Ran
Cui, Fa
Sun, Han
author_facet Wu, Yongzhen
Liu, Jiahui
Hu, Guimei
Xue, Huixian
Xu, Huiyuan
Zhao, Chunhua
Qin, Ran
Cui, Fa
Sun, Han
author_sort Wu, Yongzhen
collection PubMed
description Flowering is central to the transformation of plants from vegetative growth to reproductive growth. The circadian clock system enables plants to sense the changes in the external environment and to modify the growth and development process at an appropriate time. Photoperiod-1 (Ppd-1), which is controlled by the output signal of the circadian clock, has played an important role in the wheat “Green Revolution.” In the current study, we systematically studied the relationship between Ppd-1 haplotypes and both wheat yield- and quality-related traits, using genome-wide association analysis and transgenic strategies, and found that highly appropriate haplotypes had been selected in the wheat breeding programs. Genome-wide association analysis showed that Ppd-1 is associated with significant differences in yield-related traits in wheat, including spike length (SL), heading date (HD), plant height (PH), and thousand-grain weight (TGW). Ppd-1-Hapl-A1 showed increased SL by 4.72–5.93%, whereas Ppd-1-Hapl-B1 and Ppd-1-Hapl-D1 displayed earlier HD by 0.58–0.75 and 1.24–2.93%, respectively, decreased PH by 5.64–13.08 and 13.62–27.30%, respectively, and increased TGW by 4.89–10.94 and 11.12–21.45%, respectively. Furthermore, the constitutive expression of the Ppd-D1 gene in rice significantly delayed heading date and resulted in reduced plant height, thousand-grain weight, grain width (GW), and total protein content. With reference to 40years of data from Chinese wheat breeding, it was found that the appropriate haplotypes Ppd-1-Hapl-A1, Ppd-1-Hapl-B1, and Ppd-1-Hapl-D1 had all been subjected to directional selection, and that their distribution frequencies had increased from 26.09, 60.00, and 52.00% in landraces to 42.55, 93.62, and 96.23% in wheat cultivars developed in the 2010s. A Ppd-B1 methylation molecular marker was also developed to assist molecular wheat breeding. This research is of significance for fully exploring the function of the Ppd-1 gene and its genetic resource diversity, to effectively use the most appropriate haplotypes and to improve crop yield and sustainability.
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spelling pubmed-86317842021-12-01 Functional Analysis of the “Green Revolution” Gene Photoperiod-1 and Its Selection Trends During Bread Wheat Breeding Wu, Yongzhen Liu, Jiahui Hu, Guimei Xue, Huixian Xu, Huiyuan Zhao, Chunhua Qin, Ran Cui, Fa Sun, Han Front Plant Sci Plant Science Flowering is central to the transformation of plants from vegetative growth to reproductive growth. The circadian clock system enables plants to sense the changes in the external environment and to modify the growth and development process at an appropriate time. Photoperiod-1 (Ppd-1), which is controlled by the output signal of the circadian clock, has played an important role in the wheat “Green Revolution.” In the current study, we systematically studied the relationship between Ppd-1 haplotypes and both wheat yield- and quality-related traits, using genome-wide association analysis and transgenic strategies, and found that highly appropriate haplotypes had been selected in the wheat breeding programs. Genome-wide association analysis showed that Ppd-1 is associated with significant differences in yield-related traits in wheat, including spike length (SL), heading date (HD), plant height (PH), and thousand-grain weight (TGW). Ppd-1-Hapl-A1 showed increased SL by 4.72–5.93%, whereas Ppd-1-Hapl-B1 and Ppd-1-Hapl-D1 displayed earlier HD by 0.58–0.75 and 1.24–2.93%, respectively, decreased PH by 5.64–13.08 and 13.62–27.30%, respectively, and increased TGW by 4.89–10.94 and 11.12–21.45%, respectively. Furthermore, the constitutive expression of the Ppd-D1 gene in rice significantly delayed heading date and resulted in reduced plant height, thousand-grain weight, grain width (GW), and total protein content. With reference to 40years of data from Chinese wheat breeding, it was found that the appropriate haplotypes Ppd-1-Hapl-A1, Ppd-1-Hapl-B1, and Ppd-1-Hapl-D1 had all been subjected to directional selection, and that their distribution frequencies had increased from 26.09, 60.00, and 52.00% in landraces to 42.55, 93.62, and 96.23% in wheat cultivars developed in the 2010s. A Ppd-B1 methylation molecular marker was also developed to assist molecular wheat breeding. This research is of significance for fully exploring the function of the Ppd-1 gene and its genetic resource diversity, to effectively use the most appropriate haplotypes and to improve crop yield and sustainability. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-11-11 /pmc/articles/PMC8631784/ /pubmed/34858454 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.745411 Text en Copyright © 2021 Wu, Liu, Hu, Xue, Xu, Zhao, Qin, Cui and Sun. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Plant Science
Wu, Yongzhen
Liu, Jiahui
Hu, Guimei
Xue, Huixian
Xu, Huiyuan
Zhao, Chunhua
Qin, Ran
Cui, Fa
Sun, Han
Functional Analysis of the “Green Revolution” Gene Photoperiod-1 and Its Selection Trends During Bread Wheat Breeding
title Functional Analysis of the “Green Revolution” Gene Photoperiod-1 and Its Selection Trends During Bread Wheat Breeding
title_full Functional Analysis of the “Green Revolution” Gene Photoperiod-1 and Its Selection Trends During Bread Wheat Breeding
title_fullStr Functional Analysis of the “Green Revolution” Gene Photoperiod-1 and Its Selection Trends During Bread Wheat Breeding
title_full_unstemmed Functional Analysis of the “Green Revolution” Gene Photoperiod-1 and Its Selection Trends During Bread Wheat Breeding
title_short Functional Analysis of the “Green Revolution” Gene Photoperiod-1 and Its Selection Trends During Bread Wheat Breeding
title_sort functional analysis of the “green revolution” gene photoperiod-1 and its selection trends during bread wheat breeding
topic Plant Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8631784/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34858454
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.745411
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