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Commensal microbiota divergently affect myeloid subsets in the mammalian central nervous system during homeostasis and disease

The immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS) comprise parenchymal microglia and at the CNS border regions meningeal, perivascular, and choroid plexus macrophages (collectively called CNS‐associated macrophages, CAMs). While previous work has shown that microglial properties depend on environ...

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Autores principales: Sankowski, Roman, Ahmari, Jasmin, Mezö, Charlotte, Hrabě de Angelis, Anna Lena, Fuchs, Vidmante, Utermöhlen, Olaf, Buch, Thorsten, Blank, Thomas, Gomez de Agüero, Mercedes, Macpherson, Andrew J, Erny, Daniel
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8634130/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34622466
http://dx.doi.org/10.15252/embj.2021108605
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author Sankowski, Roman
Ahmari, Jasmin
Mezö, Charlotte
Hrabě de Angelis, Anna Lena
Fuchs, Vidmante
Utermöhlen, Olaf
Buch, Thorsten
Blank, Thomas
Gomez de Agüero, Mercedes
Macpherson, Andrew J
Erny, Daniel
author_facet Sankowski, Roman
Ahmari, Jasmin
Mezö, Charlotte
Hrabě de Angelis, Anna Lena
Fuchs, Vidmante
Utermöhlen, Olaf
Buch, Thorsten
Blank, Thomas
Gomez de Agüero, Mercedes
Macpherson, Andrew J
Erny, Daniel
author_sort Sankowski, Roman
collection PubMed
description The immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS) comprise parenchymal microglia and at the CNS border regions meningeal, perivascular, and choroid plexus macrophages (collectively called CNS‐associated macrophages, CAMs). While previous work has shown that microglial properties depend on environmental signals from the commensal microbiota, the effects of microbiota on CAMs are unknown. By combining several microbiota manipulation approaches, genetic mouse models, and single‐cell RNA‐sequencing, we have characterized CNS myeloid cell composition and function. Under steady‐state conditions, the transcriptional profiles and numbers of choroid plexus macrophages were found to be tightly regulated by complex microbiota. In contrast, perivascular and meningeal macrophages were affected to a lesser extent. An acute perturbation through viral infection evoked an attenuated immune response of all CAMs in germ‐free mice. We further assessed CAMs in a more chronic pathological state in 5xFAD mice, a model for Alzheimer’s disease, and found enhanced amyloid beta uptake exclusively by perivascular macrophages in germ‐free 5xFAD mice. Our results aid the understanding of distinct microbiota–CNS macrophage interactions during homeostasis and disease, which could potentially be targeted therapeutically.
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spelling pubmed-86341302021-12-20 Commensal microbiota divergently affect myeloid subsets in the mammalian central nervous system during homeostasis and disease Sankowski, Roman Ahmari, Jasmin Mezö, Charlotte Hrabě de Angelis, Anna Lena Fuchs, Vidmante Utermöhlen, Olaf Buch, Thorsten Blank, Thomas Gomez de Agüero, Mercedes Macpherson, Andrew J Erny, Daniel EMBO J Articles The immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS) comprise parenchymal microglia and at the CNS border regions meningeal, perivascular, and choroid plexus macrophages (collectively called CNS‐associated macrophages, CAMs). While previous work has shown that microglial properties depend on environmental signals from the commensal microbiota, the effects of microbiota on CAMs are unknown. By combining several microbiota manipulation approaches, genetic mouse models, and single‐cell RNA‐sequencing, we have characterized CNS myeloid cell composition and function. Under steady‐state conditions, the transcriptional profiles and numbers of choroid plexus macrophages were found to be tightly regulated by complex microbiota. In contrast, perivascular and meningeal macrophages were affected to a lesser extent. An acute perturbation through viral infection evoked an attenuated immune response of all CAMs in germ‐free mice. We further assessed CAMs in a more chronic pathological state in 5xFAD mice, a model for Alzheimer’s disease, and found enhanced amyloid beta uptake exclusively by perivascular macrophages in germ‐free 5xFAD mice. Our results aid the understanding of distinct microbiota–CNS macrophage interactions during homeostasis and disease, which could potentially be targeted therapeutically. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2021-10-07 2021-12-01 /pmc/articles/PMC8634130/ /pubmed/34622466 http://dx.doi.org/10.15252/embj.2021108605 Text en © 2021 The Authors. Published under the terms of the CC BY NC ND 4.0 license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.
spellingShingle Articles
Sankowski, Roman
Ahmari, Jasmin
Mezö, Charlotte
Hrabě de Angelis, Anna Lena
Fuchs, Vidmante
Utermöhlen, Olaf
Buch, Thorsten
Blank, Thomas
Gomez de Agüero, Mercedes
Macpherson, Andrew J
Erny, Daniel
Commensal microbiota divergently affect myeloid subsets in the mammalian central nervous system during homeostasis and disease
title Commensal microbiota divergently affect myeloid subsets in the mammalian central nervous system during homeostasis and disease
title_full Commensal microbiota divergently affect myeloid subsets in the mammalian central nervous system during homeostasis and disease
title_fullStr Commensal microbiota divergently affect myeloid subsets in the mammalian central nervous system during homeostasis and disease
title_full_unstemmed Commensal microbiota divergently affect myeloid subsets in the mammalian central nervous system during homeostasis and disease
title_short Commensal microbiota divergently affect myeloid subsets in the mammalian central nervous system during homeostasis and disease
title_sort commensal microbiota divergently affect myeloid subsets in the mammalian central nervous system during homeostasis and disease
topic Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8634130/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34622466
http://dx.doi.org/10.15252/embj.2021108605
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