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Neuroprotective Potential of Tamarillo (Cyphomandra betacea) Epicarp Extracts Obtained by Sustainable Extraction Process
Tamarillo (Cyphomandra betacea (Cav.) Sendt.), or tree tomato, is a tropical fruit from the Andean region of South America; it is highly rich in vitamins, minerals, and polyphenolic compounds. In this study, extracts from tamarillo epicarp (TE) were obtained by pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), a...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8634709/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34869538 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.769617 |
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author | Suárez-Montenegro, Zully Jimena Ballesteros-Vivas, Diego Gallego, Rocío Valdés, Alberto Sánchez-Martínez, Jose David Parada-Alfonso, Fabián Ibáñez, Elena Cifuentes, Alejandro |
author_facet | Suárez-Montenegro, Zully Jimena Ballesteros-Vivas, Diego Gallego, Rocío Valdés, Alberto Sánchez-Martínez, Jose David Parada-Alfonso, Fabián Ibáñez, Elena Cifuentes, Alejandro |
author_sort | Suárez-Montenegro, Zully Jimena |
collection | PubMed |
description | Tamarillo (Cyphomandra betacea (Cav.) Sendt.), or tree tomato, is a tropical fruit from the Andean region of South America; it is highly rich in vitamins, minerals, and polyphenolic compounds. In this study, extracts from tamarillo epicarp (TE) were obtained by pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), and their in-vitro neuroprotective potential was assessed. A central composite design with response surface methodology was performed to optimize PLE as a function of solvent composition and temperature. Selected response variables were extraction yield, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total carotenoid content (TCC), antioxidant (ABTS), and anti-inflammatory (LOX) activities, and anti-acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory capacity. According to the desirability function, the optimal conditions were 100% ethanol and 180°C with a 0.87 desirability value. Next, the anti-butyrylcholinesterase enzyme (BChE), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) inhibition as well as cytotoxicity in HK-2, THP-1 monocytes, and SH-5YSY neuroblastoma cell lines were studied for the TE extract obtained under optimized conditions. The optimum TE extract provided the following results: extraction yield (36.25%), TPC (92.09 mg GAE/g extract), TFC (4.4 mg QE/g extract), TCC (107.15 mg CE/g extract), antioxidant capacity (ABTS, IC(50) = 6.33 mg/ml extract), LOX (IC(50) = 48.3 mg/ml extract), and AChE (IC(50) = 97.46 mg/ml extract), and showed no toxicity at concentration up to 120 μg/ml extract for all the tested cell lines. Finally, chemical characterization by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-q-TOF-MS/MS) of the optimum TE extract exhibited an important presence of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives and other phenolic acids as well as quercetin hexoside and rutin, as main metabolites responsible for the observed biological properties. All these results suggested that TE, which represents between 8 and 15% of the total fruit, could become a promising natural by-product with a potential “multitarget” activity against Alzheimer's disease. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8634709 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86347092021-12-02 Neuroprotective Potential of Tamarillo (Cyphomandra betacea) Epicarp Extracts Obtained by Sustainable Extraction Process Suárez-Montenegro, Zully Jimena Ballesteros-Vivas, Diego Gallego, Rocío Valdés, Alberto Sánchez-Martínez, Jose David Parada-Alfonso, Fabián Ibáñez, Elena Cifuentes, Alejandro Front Nutr Nutrition Tamarillo (Cyphomandra betacea (Cav.) Sendt.), or tree tomato, is a tropical fruit from the Andean region of South America; it is highly rich in vitamins, minerals, and polyphenolic compounds. In this study, extracts from tamarillo epicarp (TE) were obtained by pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), and their in-vitro neuroprotective potential was assessed. A central composite design with response surface methodology was performed to optimize PLE as a function of solvent composition and temperature. Selected response variables were extraction yield, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total carotenoid content (TCC), antioxidant (ABTS), and anti-inflammatory (LOX) activities, and anti-acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory capacity. According to the desirability function, the optimal conditions were 100% ethanol and 180°C with a 0.87 desirability value. Next, the anti-butyrylcholinesterase enzyme (BChE), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) inhibition as well as cytotoxicity in HK-2, THP-1 monocytes, and SH-5YSY neuroblastoma cell lines were studied for the TE extract obtained under optimized conditions. The optimum TE extract provided the following results: extraction yield (36.25%), TPC (92.09 mg GAE/g extract), TFC (4.4 mg QE/g extract), TCC (107.15 mg CE/g extract), antioxidant capacity (ABTS, IC(50) = 6.33 mg/ml extract), LOX (IC(50) = 48.3 mg/ml extract), and AChE (IC(50) = 97.46 mg/ml extract), and showed no toxicity at concentration up to 120 μg/ml extract for all the tested cell lines. Finally, chemical characterization by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-q-TOF-MS/MS) of the optimum TE extract exhibited an important presence of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives and other phenolic acids as well as quercetin hexoside and rutin, as main metabolites responsible for the observed biological properties. All these results suggested that TE, which represents between 8 and 15% of the total fruit, could become a promising natural by-product with a potential “multitarget” activity against Alzheimer's disease. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-11-15 /pmc/articles/PMC8634709/ /pubmed/34869538 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.769617 Text en Copyright © 2021 Suárez-Montenegro, Ballesteros-Vivas, Gallego, Valdés, Sánchez-Martínez, Parada-Alfonso, Ibáñez and Cifuentes. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Nutrition Suárez-Montenegro, Zully Jimena Ballesteros-Vivas, Diego Gallego, Rocío Valdés, Alberto Sánchez-Martínez, Jose David Parada-Alfonso, Fabián Ibáñez, Elena Cifuentes, Alejandro Neuroprotective Potential of Tamarillo (Cyphomandra betacea) Epicarp Extracts Obtained by Sustainable Extraction Process |
title | Neuroprotective Potential of Tamarillo (Cyphomandra betacea) Epicarp Extracts Obtained by Sustainable Extraction Process |
title_full | Neuroprotective Potential of Tamarillo (Cyphomandra betacea) Epicarp Extracts Obtained by Sustainable Extraction Process |
title_fullStr | Neuroprotective Potential of Tamarillo (Cyphomandra betacea) Epicarp Extracts Obtained by Sustainable Extraction Process |
title_full_unstemmed | Neuroprotective Potential of Tamarillo (Cyphomandra betacea) Epicarp Extracts Obtained by Sustainable Extraction Process |
title_short | Neuroprotective Potential of Tamarillo (Cyphomandra betacea) Epicarp Extracts Obtained by Sustainable Extraction Process |
title_sort | neuroprotective potential of tamarillo (cyphomandra betacea) epicarp extracts obtained by sustainable extraction process |
topic | Nutrition |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8634709/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34869538 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.769617 |
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