Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy

Case series Patients: Female, 23-year-old • Female, 41-year-old Final Diagnosis: Acute fatty liver of pregnancy Symptoms: Abdominal pain • altered mental state • nausea • vomiting Medication: — Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Gastroenterology and Hepatology OBJECTIVE: Rare disease BACKGROUND: Acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP) is a rare obstetric emergency resulting from microvesicular infiltration of the liver by fat, leading to liver failure. It usually presents at 36 weeks of gestation, and risk factors include twin pregnancy and low BMI. The presentation of AFLP is nonspecific, requiring a high index of suspicion. The Swansea Criteria is used to aid diagnosis. CASE REPORTS: Case 1: A 23-year-old woman, G1P0 at 39 weeks of gestation, presented to the hospital with a 1-week history of fever, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Examination revealed a gravid uterus with generalized abdominal tenderness. Laboratory investigations revealed elevated liver enzymes, with elevated total bilirubin and an INR of 1.26. CBC showed leukocytosis. Abdominal ultrasound was normal. Workup for other etiologies, including acetaminophen and salicylate overdose and infections, was negative. The Swansea score for AFLP was 8, confirming the AFLP diagnosis. An emergency Cesarean-section was performed, causing liver enzymes to improve over 3 days. Case 2: A 41-year-old woman, G1P1 with a twin gestation at 36 weeks, presented with a 3-day history of abdominal pain. She was jaundiced, with right upper quadrant tenderness. Laboratory investigations showed elevated liver enzymes and total bilirubin, with an INR of 1.26. Workup for viral hepatitis and autoimmune etiology was negative. Salicylate levels were within normal limits. She met criteria for AFLP and underwent emergency Cesarean-section. Liver enzymes improved over 4 days. CONCLUSIONS: AFLP is a potentially life-threatening medical condition. From our experience, prompt diagnosis and early delivery leads to improved maternal and fetal outcomes.