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Neural correlates of acoustic dissonance in music: The role of musicianship, schematic and veridical expectations

In western music, harmonic expectations can be fulfilled or broken by unexpected chords. Musical irregularities in the absence of auditory deviance elicit well-studied neural responses (e.g. ERAN, P3, N5). These responses are sensitive to schematic expectations (induced by syntactic rules of chord s...

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Autores principales: Pagès-Portabella, Carlota, Bertolo, Mila, Toro, Juan M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8635369/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34852008
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260728
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author Pagès-Portabella, Carlota
Bertolo, Mila
Toro, Juan M.
author_facet Pagès-Portabella, Carlota
Bertolo, Mila
Toro, Juan M.
author_sort Pagès-Portabella, Carlota
collection PubMed
description In western music, harmonic expectations can be fulfilled or broken by unexpected chords. Musical irregularities in the absence of auditory deviance elicit well-studied neural responses (e.g. ERAN, P3, N5). These responses are sensitive to schematic expectations (induced by syntactic rules of chord succession) and veridical expectations about predictability (induced by experimental regularities). However, the cognitive and sensory contributions to these responses and their plasticity as a result of musical training remains under debate. In the present study, we explored whether the neural processing of pure acoustic violations is affected by schematic and veridical expectations. Moreover, we investigated whether these two factors interact with long-term musical training. In Experiment 1, we registered the ERPs elicited by dissonant clusters placed either at the middle or the ending position of chord cadences. In Experiment 2, we presented to the listeners with a high proportion of cadences ending in a dissonant chord. In both experiments, we compared the ERPs of musicians and non-musicians. Dissonant clusters elicited distinctive neural responses (an early negativity, the P3 and the N5). While the EN was not affected by syntactic rules, the P3a and P3b were larger for dissonant closures than for middle dissonant chords. Interestingly, these components were larger in musicians than in non-musicians, while the N5 was the opposite. Finally, the predictability of dissonant closures in our experiment did not modulate any of the ERPs. Our study suggests that, at early time windows, dissonance is processed based on acoustic deviance independently of syntactic rules. However, at longer latencies, listeners may be able to engage integration mechanisms and further processes of attentional and structural analysis dependent on musical hierarchies, which are enhanced in musicians.
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spelling pubmed-86353692021-12-02 Neural correlates of acoustic dissonance in music: The role of musicianship, schematic and veridical expectations Pagès-Portabella, Carlota Bertolo, Mila Toro, Juan M. PLoS One Research Article In western music, harmonic expectations can be fulfilled or broken by unexpected chords. Musical irregularities in the absence of auditory deviance elicit well-studied neural responses (e.g. ERAN, P3, N5). These responses are sensitive to schematic expectations (induced by syntactic rules of chord succession) and veridical expectations about predictability (induced by experimental regularities). However, the cognitive and sensory contributions to these responses and their plasticity as a result of musical training remains under debate. In the present study, we explored whether the neural processing of pure acoustic violations is affected by schematic and veridical expectations. Moreover, we investigated whether these two factors interact with long-term musical training. In Experiment 1, we registered the ERPs elicited by dissonant clusters placed either at the middle or the ending position of chord cadences. In Experiment 2, we presented to the listeners with a high proportion of cadences ending in a dissonant chord. In both experiments, we compared the ERPs of musicians and non-musicians. Dissonant clusters elicited distinctive neural responses (an early negativity, the P3 and the N5). While the EN was not affected by syntactic rules, the P3a and P3b were larger for dissonant closures than for middle dissonant chords. Interestingly, these components were larger in musicians than in non-musicians, while the N5 was the opposite. Finally, the predictability of dissonant closures in our experiment did not modulate any of the ERPs. Our study suggests that, at early time windows, dissonance is processed based on acoustic deviance independently of syntactic rules. However, at longer latencies, listeners may be able to engage integration mechanisms and further processes of attentional and structural analysis dependent on musical hierarchies, which are enhanced in musicians. Public Library of Science 2021-12-01 /pmc/articles/PMC8635369/ /pubmed/34852008 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260728 Text en © 2021 Pagès-Portabella et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Pagès-Portabella, Carlota
Bertolo, Mila
Toro, Juan M.
Neural correlates of acoustic dissonance in music: The role of musicianship, schematic and veridical expectations
title Neural correlates of acoustic dissonance in music: The role of musicianship, schematic and veridical expectations
title_full Neural correlates of acoustic dissonance in music: The role of musicianship, schematic and veridical expectations
title_fullStr Neural correlates of acoustic dissonance in music: The role of musicianship, schematic and veridical expectations
title_full_unstemmed Neural correlates of acoustic dissonance in music: The role of musicianship, schematic and veridical expectations
title_short Neural correlates of acoustic dissonance in music: The role of musicianship, schematic and veridical expectations
title_sort neural correlates of acoustic dissonance in music: the role of musicianship, schematic and veridical expectations
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8635369/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34852008
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260728
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