Trastornos del sueño en emergencias y desastres

Sleep disorders are common in the population and are major cause of morbidity. The objective of this review is to assess sleep disturbances in times of emergency and disasters. Throughout history, the biopsychosocial field and sleep have been affected by multiple large-scale events, such as natural disasters, man-caused tragedies, armed conflicts, social crises and pandemics, the experience of which can lead to short, medium and/or long term health problems. In several studies, the negative impact of emergencies and disasters on sleep have been analyzed, emphasizing the importance of the diffusion and promotion of measures that encourage good sleep. The arrival of COVID-19 and consequent home confinement for prolonged periods caused important social consequences. Certain occupational factors and characteristics of disasters are associated with greater comorbidity: a high risk of experiencing physical exhaustion, psychological disorders and insomnia, especially in highly vulnerable groups, such as health professionals, rescuers and first aids-responders. Insomnia is the most frequent sleep disorder in the general population and its worsening in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, represents a new public health problem. It is essential to promote physical and mental health prevention campaigns, aimed at early screening and management of pathologies in the psychosocial sphere, within socioeconomic possibilities.