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Helminth extracellular vesicles: Interactions with the host immune system
As long-lived parasites, helminths depend upon immunomodulation of their hosts for survival. The release of excretory-secretory (ES) products, including proteins, lipids and RNAs is how successful host manipulation is achieved. It has recently been discovered that the ES products of helminths contai...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Pergamon Press
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8636279/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34246032 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molimm.2021.06.017 |
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author | Drurey, Claire Maizels, Rick M. |
author_facet | Drurey, Claire Maizels, Rick M. |
author_sort | Drurey, Claire |
collection | PubMed |
description | As long-lived parasites, helminths depend upon immunomodulation of their hosts for survival. The release of excretory-secretory (ES) products, including proteins, lipids and RNAs is how successful host manipulation is achieved. It has recently been discovered that the ES products of helminths contain extracellular vesicles (EVs), with every species investigated found to secrete these lipid-bound structures. EVs are perfect for packaging and delivering immune modulators to target cell types. This review outlines the research carried out on helminth EVs and their constituents thus far, as well as their interaction with components of the mammalian immune system. We discuss how targeting EVs will aid treatment of helminth infection and consider how EVs and their immunomodulatory cargo could be used as therapeutics as we progress through this exciting era. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8636279 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Pergamon Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86362792021-12-09 Helminth extracellular vesicles: Interactions with the host immune system Drurey, Claire Maizels, Rick M. Mol Immunol Review As long-lived parasites, helminths depend upon immunomodulation of their hosts for survival. The release of excretory-secretory (ES) products, including proteins, lipids and RNAs is how successful host manipulation is achieved. It has recently been discovered that the ES products of helminths contain extracellular vesicles (EVs), with every species investigated found to secrete these lipid-bound structures. EVs are perfect for packaging and delivering immune modulators to target cell types. This review outlines the research carried out on helminth EVs and their constituents thus far, as well as their interaction with components of the mammalian immune system. We discuss how targeting EVs will aid treatment of helminth infection and consider how EVs and their immunomodulatory cargo could be used as therapeutics as we progress through this exciting era. Pergamon Press 2021-09 /pmc/articles/PMC8636279/ /pubmed/34246032 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molimm.2021.06.017 Text en © 2021 The Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Drurey, Claire Maizels, Rick M. Helminth extracellular vesicles: Interactions with the host immune system |
title | Helminth extracellular vesicles: Interactions with the host immune system |
title_full | Helminth extracellular vesicles: Interactions with the host immune system |
title_fullStr | Helminth extracellular vesicles: Interactions with the host immune system |
title_full_unstemmed | Helminth extracellular vesicles: Interactions with the host immune system |
title_short | Helminth extracellular vesicles: Interactions with the host immune system |
title_sort | helminth extracellular vesicles: interactions with the host immune system |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8636279/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34246032 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molimm.2021.06.017 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT drureyclaire helminthextracellularvesiclesinteractionswiththehostimmunesystem AT maizelsrickm helminthextracellularvesiclesinteractionswiththehostimmunesystem |