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Effect of minerals and heavy metals in sand samples of Ponnai river, Tamil Nadu, India
River sand samples have been collected from Ponnai river, Tamil Nadu, India for characterization of minerals and heavy metals by different spectroscopic techniques. Initially, the samples were subjected by Fourier Transform-Infra Red (FT-IR) spectroscopic technique and infra-red absorption bands val...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Nature Publishing Group UK
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8636646/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34853410 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-02717-x |
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author | Chandrasekaran, A. Senthil Kumar, C. K. Sathish, V. Manigandan, S. Tamilarasi, A. |
author_facet | Chandrasekaran, A. Senthil Kumar, C. K. Sathish, V. Manigandan, S. Tamilarasi, A. |
author_sort | Chandrasekaran, A. |
collection | PubMed |
description | River sand samples have been collected from Ponnai river, Tamil Nadu, India for characterization of minerals and heavy metals by different spectroscopic techniques. Initially, the samples were subjected by Fourier Transform-Infra Red (FT-IR) spectroscopic technique and infra-red absorption bands values are observed in the range of 515–520, 695–700, 775–780 cm(−1) which shows the presence of quartz in all the samples. Similarly, infra-red peaks were absorbed for feldspar, kaolinite, calcite, gibbsite and organic carbon and confirmed by X-Ray diffraction (XRD) technique. Additionally, zircon, aragonite, magnetite and kyanite minerals were identified in the samples using only the XRD method. The concentration of heavy metals such as Pb, Cr, Zn, Ni, Hg, As, Mn, Cu has been determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). An average metal concentration measured in mg kg(−1) were: Pb 0.12, As 0.15, Hg 0.13, Cu 2.80, Zn 10.15 Cr 12.70, Ni 2.86 and Mn 104.94 and hence found in the order of Mn > Cr > Zn > Ni > Cu > As > Hg > Pb. These average values do not exceed the world average value and hence potentially do not affect the quality of sand in the river. In addition to that, presences of heavy metals are confirmed by scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM/EDS) analysis. In order to understand the possible natural and anthropogenic sources of heavy metals, multivariate statistical techniques such as Pearson correlation, principal component and cluster analysis were performed. Results obtained from the statistical techniques were good agreement with each other. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8636646 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86366462021-12-03 Effect of minerals and heavy metals in sand samples of Ponnai river, Tamil Nadu, India Chandrasekaran, A. Senthil Kumar, C. K. Sathish, V. Manigandan, S. Tamilarasi, A. Sci Rep Article River sand samples have been collected from Ponnai river, Tamil Nadu, India for characterization of minerals and heavy metals by different spectroscopic techniques. Initially, the samples were subjected by Fourier Transform-Infra Red (FT-IR) spectroscopic technique and infra-red absorption bands values are observed in the range of 515–520, 695–700, 775–780 cm(−1) which shows the presence of quartz in all the samples. Similarly, infra-red peaks were absorbed for feldspar, kaolinite, calcite, gibbsite and organic carbon and confirmed by X-Ray diffraction (XRD) technique. Additionally, zircon, aragonite, magnetite and kyanite minerals were identified in the samples using only the XRD method. The concentration of heavy metals such as Pb, Cr, Zn, Ni, Hg, As, Mn, Cu has been determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). An average metal concentration measured in mg kg(−1) were: Pb 0.12, As 0.15, Hg 0.13, Cu 2.80, Zn 10.15 Cr 12.70, Ni 2.86 and Mn 104.94 and hence found in the order of Mn > Cr > Zn > Ni > Cu > As > Hg > Pb. These average values do not exceed the world average value and hence potentially do not affect the quality of sand in the river. In addition to that, presences of heavy metals are confirmed by scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM/EDS) analysis. In order to understand the possible natural and anthropogenic sources of heavy metals, multivariate statistical techniques such as Pearson correlation, principal component and cluster analysis were performed. Results obtained from the statistical techniques were good agreement with each other. Nature Publishing Group UK 2021-12-01 /pmc/articles/PMC8636646/ /pubmed/34853410 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-02717-x Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Article Chandrasekaran, A. Senthil Kumar, C. K. Sathish, V. Manigandan, S. Tamilarasi, A. Effect of minerals and heavy metals in sand samples of Ponnai river, Tamil Nadu, India |
title | Effect of minerals and heavy metals in sand samples of Ponnai river, Tamil Nadu, India |
title_full | Effect of minerals and heavy metals in sand samples of Ponnai river, Tamil Nadu, India |
title_fullStr | Effect of minerals and heavy metals in sand samples of Ponnai river, Tamil Nadu, India |
title_full_unstemmed | Effect of minerals and heavy metals in sand samples of Ponnai river, Tamil Nadu, India |
title_short | Effect of minerals and heavy metals in sand samples of Ponnai river, Tamil Nadu, India |
title_sort | effect of minerals and heavy metals in sand samples of ponnai river, tamil nadu, india |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8636646/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34853410 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-02717-x |
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