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Developmental Trajectories of Letter and Speech Sound Integration During Reading Acquisition

Reading acquisition in alphabetic languages starts with learning the associations between speech sounds and letters. This learning process is related to crucial developmental changes of brain regions that serve visual, auditory, multisensory integration, and higher cognitive processes. Here, we stud...

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Autores principales: Karipidis, Iliana I., Pleisch, Georgette, Di Pietro, Sarah V., Fraga-González, Gorka, Brem, Silvia
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8636811/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34867636
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.750491
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author Karipidis, Iliana I.
Pleisch, Georgette
Di Pietro, Sarah V.
Fraga-González, Gorka
Brem, Silvia
author_facet Karipidis, Iliana I.
Pleisch, Georgette
Di Pietro, Sarah V.
Fraga-González, Gorka
Brem, Silvia
author_sort Karipidis, Iliana I.
collection PubMed
description Reading acquisition in alphabetic languages starts with learning the associations between speech sounds and letters. This learning process is related to crucial developmental changes of brain regions that serve visual, auditory, multisensory integration, and higher cognitive processes. Here, we studied the development of audiovisual processing and integration of letter-speech sound pairs with an audiovisual target detection functional MRI paradigm. Using a longitudinal approach, we tested children with varying reading outcomes before the start of reading acquisition (T1, 6.5 yo), in first grade (T2, 7.5 yo), and in second grade (T3, 8.5 yo). Early audiovisual integration effects were characterized by higher activation for incongruent than congruent letter-speech sound pairs in the inferior frontal gyrus and ventral occipitotemporal cortex. Audiovisual processing in the left superior temporal gyrus significantly increased from the prereading (T1) to early reading stages (T2, T3). Region of interest analyses revealed that activation in left superior temporal gyrus (STG), inferior frontal gyrus and ventral occipitotemporal cortex increased in children with typical reading fluency skills, while poor readers did not show the same development in these regions. The incongruency effect bilaterally in parts of the STG and insular cortex at T1 was significantly associated with reading fluency skills at T3. These findings provide new insights into the development of the brain circuitry involved in audiovisual processing of letters, the building blocks of words, and reveal early markers of audiovisual integration that may be predictive of reading outcomes.
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spelling pubmed-86368112021-12-03 Developmental Trajectories of Letter and Speech Sound Integration During Reading Acquisition Karipidis, Iliana I. Pleisch, Georgette Di Pietro, Sarah V. Fraga-González, Gorka Brem, Silvia Front Psychol Psychology Reading acquisition in alphabetic languages starts with learning the associations between speech sounds and letters. This learning process is related to crucial developmental changes of brain regions that serve visual, auditory, multisensory integration, and higher cognitive processes. Here, we studied the development of audiovisual processing and integration of letter-speech sound pairs with an audiovisual target detection functional MRI paradigm. Using a longitudinal approach, we tested children with varying reading outcomes before the start of reading acquisition (T1, 6.5 yo), in first grade (T2, 7.5 yo), and in second grade (T3, 8.5 yo). Early audiovisual integration effects were characterized by higher activation for incongruent than congruent letter-speech sound pairs in the inferior frontal gyrus and ventral occipitotemporal cortex. Audiovisual processing in the left superior temporal gyrus significantly increased from the prereading (T1) to early reading stages (T2, T3). Region of interest analyses revealed that activation in left superior temporal gyrus (STG), inferior frontal gyrus and ventral occipitotemporal cortex increased in children with typical reading fluency skills, while poor readers did not show the same development in these regions. The incongruency effect bilaterally in parts of the STG and insular cortex at T1 was significantly associated with reading fluency skills at T3. These findings provide new insights into the development of the brain circuitry involved in audiovisual processing of letters, the building blocks of words, and reveal early markers of audiovisual integration that may be predictive of reading outcomes. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-11-16 /pmc/articles/PMC8636811/ /pubmed/34867636 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.750491 Text en Copyright © 2021 Karipidis, Pleisch, Di Pietro, Fraga-González and Brem. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Psychology
Karipidis, Iliana I.
Pleisch, Georgette
Di Pietro, Sarah V.
Fraga-González, Gorka
Brem, Silvia
Developmental Trajectories of Letter and Speech Sound Integration During Reading Acquisition
title Developmental Trajectories of Letter and Speech Sound Integration During Reading Acquisition
title_full Developmental Trajectories of Letter and Speech Sound Integration During Reading Acquisition
title_fullStr Developmental Trajectories of Letter and Speech Sound Integration During Reading Acquisition
title_full_unstemmed Developmental Trajectories of Letter and Speech Sound Integration During Reading Acquisition
title_short Developmental Trajectories of Letter and Speech Sound Integration During Reading Acquisition
title_sort developmental trajectories of letter and speech sound integration during reading acquisition
topic Psychology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8636811/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34867636
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.750491
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