Cardiovascular risk factors in the Maghreb. A systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the distribution of cardiovascular risk factors in Maghreb's countries. METHODS: It is a systematic review including articles and reports that applied the WHO «STEPwise» approach, or a similar approach, studying cardiovascular risk factors in the Maghreb countries: Tunisia, Morocco, Algeria, Libya and Mauritania between 2004 and 2018. RESULTS: We selected five articles, a report for each country. The prevalence of smoking was between 13.4% (12.2-14.6) in Morocco and 29.4% (28.3-30.4%) in Tunisia. 50.6% of the population of Mauritania had insufficient physical activity. The prevalence of high blood pressure was highest in Libya (40.6%) The prevalence of obesity was up to 41.1% (37-43.3) for women and 21.4% (19-23.8) in men in Libya. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus was between 10.6% (9.7-11.6) in Morocco and 16.4% (14.7-19.1) in Libya. CONCLUSION: The distribution of cardiovascular risk factors in the Maghreb countries shows that the level of cardiovascular risk is high, particularly in the central Maghreb. This attests to the fairly advanced epidemiological transition related to the rapid modernization of the Arab countries, hence the importance of launching an integrated project for the fight against cardiovascular diseases based on the global experience.