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Participation of Acyl-Coenzyme A Synthetase FadD4 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 in Acyclic Terpene/Fatty Acid Assimilation and Virulence by Lipid A Modification
The pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa possesses high metabolic versatility, with its effectiveness to cause infections likely due to its well-regulated genetic content. P. aeruginosa PAO1 has at least six fadD paralogous genes, which have been implicated in fatty acid (FA) degradation and...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8637051/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34867927 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.785112 |
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author | Martínez-Alcantar, Lorena Orozco, Gabriela Díaz-Pérez, Alma Laura Villegas, Javier Reyes-De la Cruz, Homero García-Pineda, Ernesto Campos-García, Jesús |
author_facet | Martínez-Alcantar, Lorena Orozco, Gabriela Díaz-Pérez, Alma Laura Villegas, Javier Reyes-De la Cruz, Homero García-Pineda, Ernesto Campos-García, Jesús |
author_sort | Martínez-Alcantar, Lorena |
collection | PubMed |
description | The pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa possesses high metabolic versatility, with its effectiveness to cause infections likely due to its well-regulated genetic content. P. aeruginosa PAO1 has at least six fadD paralogous genes, which have been implicated in fatty acid (FA) degradation and pathogenicity. In this study, we used mutagenesis and a functional approach in P. aeruginosa PAO1 to determine the roles of the fadD4 gene in acyclic terpene (AT) and FA assimilation and on pathogenicity. The results indicate that fadD4 encodes a terpenoyl-CoA synthetase utilized for AT and FA assimilation. Additionally, mutations in fadD paralogs led to the modification of the quorum-sensing las/rhl systems, as well as the content of virulence factors pyocyanin, biofilm, rhamnolipids, lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and polyhydroxyalkanoates. In a Caenorhabditis elegans in vivo pathogenicity model, culture supernatants from the 24-h-grown fadD4 single mutant increased lethality compared to the PAO1 wild-type (WT) strain; however, the double mutants fadD1/fadD2, fadD1/fadD4, and fadD2/fadD4 and single mutant fadD2 increased worm survival. A correlation analysis indicated an interaction between worm death by the PAO1 strain, the fadD4 mutation, and the virulence factor LPS. Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis of LPS revealed that a proportion of the LPS and FA on lipid A were modified by the fadD4 mutation, suggesting that FadD4 is also involved in the synthesis/degradation and modification of the lipid A component of LPS. LPS isolated from the fadD4 mutant and double mutants fadD1/fadD4 and fadD2/fadD4 showed a differential behavior to induce an increase in body temperature in rats injected with LPS compared to the WT strain or from the fadD1 and fadD2 mutants. In agreement, LPS isolated from the fadD4 mutant and double mutants fadD1/fadD2 and fadD2/fadD4 increased the induction of IL-8 in rat sera, but IL1-β cytokine levels decreased in the double mutants fadD1/fadD2 and fadD1/fadD4. The results indicate that the fadD genes are implicated in the degree of pathogenicity of P. aeruginosa PAO1 induced by LPS-lipid A, suggesting that FadD4 contributes to the removal of acyl-linked FA from LPS, rendering modification in its immunogenic response associated to Toll-like receptor TLR4. The genetic redundancy of fadD is important for bacterial adaptability and pathogenicity over the host. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8637051 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86370512021-12-03 Participation of Acyl-Coenzyme A Synthetase FadD4 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 in Acyclic Terpene/Fatty Acid Assimilation and Virulence by Lipid A Modification Martínez-Alcantar, Lorena Orozco, Gabriela Díaz-Pérez, Alma Laura Villegas, Javier Reyes-De la Cruz, Homero García-Pineda, Ernesto Campos-García, Jesús Front Microbiol Microbiology The pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa possesses high metabolic versatility, with its effectiveness to cause infections likely due to its well-regulated genetic content. P. aeruginosa PAO1 has at least six fadD paralogous genes, which have been implicated in fatty acid (FA) degradation and pathogenicity. In this study, we used mutagenesis and a functional approach in P. aeruginosa PAO1 to determine the roles of the fadD4 gene in acyclic terpene (AT) and FA assimilation and on pathogenicity. The results indicate that fadD4 encodes a terpenoyl-CoA synthetase utilized for AT and FA assimilation. Additionally, mutations in fadD paralogs led to the modification of the quorum-sensing las/rhl systems, as well as the content of virulence factors pyocyanin, biofilm, rhamnolipids, lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and polyhydroxyalkanoates. In a Caenorhabditis elegans in vivo pathogenicity model, culture supernatants from the 24-h-grown fadD4 single mutant increased lethality compared to the PAO1 wild-type (WT) strain; however, the double mutants fadD1/fadD2, fadD1/fadD4, and fadD2/fadD4 and single mutant fadD2 increased worm survival. A correlation analysis indicated an interaction between worm death by the PAO1 strain, the fadD4 mutation, and the virulence factor LPS. Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis of LPS revealed that a proportion of the LPS and FA on lipid A were modified by the fadD4 mutation, suggesting that FadD4 is also involved in the synthesis/degradation and modification of the lipid A component of LPS. LPS isolated from the fadD4 mutant and double mutants fadD1/fadD4 and fadD2/fadD4 showed a differential behavior to induce an increase in body temperature in rats injected with LPS compared to the WT strain or from the fadD1 and fadD2 mutants. In agreement, LPS isolated from the fadD4 mutant and double mutants fadD1/fadD2 and fadD2/fadD4 increased the induction of IL-8 in rat sera, but IL1-β cytokine levels decreased in the double mutants fadD1/fadD2 and fadD1/fadD4. The results indicate that the fadD genes are implicated in the degree of pathogenicity of P. aeruginosa PAO1 induced by LPS-lipid A, suggesting that FadD4 contributes to the removal of acyl-linked FA from LPS, rendering modification in its immunogenic response associated to Toll-like receptor TLR4. The genetic redundancy of fadD is important for bacterial adaptability and pathogenicity over the host. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-11-16 /pmc/articles/PMC8637051/ /pubmed/34867927 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.785112 Text en Copyright © 2021 Martínez-Alcantar, Orozco, Díaz-Pérez, Villegas, Reyes-De la Cruz, García-Pineda and Campos-García. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Microbiology Martínez-Alcantar, Lorena Orozco, Gabriela Díaz-Pérez, Alma Laura Villegas, Javier Reyes-De la Cruz, Homero García-Pineda, Ernesto Campos-García, Jesús Participation of Acyl-Coenzyme A Synthetase FadD4 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 in Acyclic Terpene/Fatty Acid Assimilation and Virulence by Lipid A Modification |
title | Participation of Acyl-Coenzyme A Synthetase FadD4 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 in Acyclic Terpene/Fatty Acid Assimilation and Virulence by Lipid A Modification |
title_full | Participation of Acyl-Coenzyme A Synthetase FadD4 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 in Acyclic Terpene/Fatty Acid Assimilation and Virulence by Lipid A Modification |
title_fullStr | Participation of Acyl-Coenzyme A Synthetase FadD4 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 in Acyclic Terpene/Fatty Acid Assimilation and Virulence by Lipid A Modification |
title_full_unstemmed | Participation of Acyl-Coenzyme A Synthetase FadD4 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 in Acyclic Terpene/Fatty Acid Assimilation and Virulence by Lipid A Modification |
title_short | Participation of Acyl-Coenzyme A Synthetase FadD4 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 in Acyclic Terpene/Fatty Acid Assimilation and Virulence by Lipid A Modification |
title_sort | participation of acyl-coenzyme a synthetase fadd4 of pseudomonas aeruginosa pao1 in acyclic terpene/fatty acid assimilation and virulence by lipid a modification |
topic | Microbiology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8637051/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34867927 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.785112 |
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