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Vitamin D deficiency and depression in obese adults: a comparative observational study

BACKGROUND: Amongst the contributing factors of depression, vitamin D deficiency has increasingly drawn attention in recent years. This paper seeks to examine the association between serum vitamin D level and depression in patients with obesity. METHODS: In this comparative observational study, seru...

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Autores principales: Kamalzadeh, Leila, Saghafi, Malihe, Mortazavi, Seyede Salehe, Jolfaei, Atefeh Ghanbari
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2021
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Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8638554/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34847921
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03586-4
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author Kamalzadeh, Leila
Saghafi, Malihe
Mortazavi, Seyede Salehe
Jolfaei, Atefeh Ghanbari
author_facet Kamalzadeh, Leila
Saghafi, Malihe
Mortazavi, Seyede Salehe
Jolfaei, Atefeh Ghanbari
author_sort Kamalzadeh, Leila
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Amongst the contributing factors of depression, vitamin D deficiency has increasingly drawn attention in recent years. This paper seeks to examine the association between serum vitamin D level and depression in patients with obesity. METHODS: In this comparative observational study, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels were compared between obese individuals with depression (n = 174) and those without depression considering the effect of potential confounders. Participants were selected from males and females aged 18 to 60 years old visiting the outpatient obesity clinic of Rasoul-e Akram hospital, Tehran, Iran. The diagnosis of depressive disorder was made based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) criteria. Additional clinical and laboratory data were collected from hospital electronic records. Mann–Whitney U test (nonparametric), Student’s t-test (parametric), and Chi-squared test were used to analyze the differences between the two groups. To examine age and gender differences in the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and depression, stratified analyses were conducted by age and gender groups. RESULTS: The mean 25(OH) D levels were significantly different between depressed and non-depressed groups (20 ± 15 vs. 27 ± 13, P <  0.001). Vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency was detected in 78 and 67% of the depressed and non-depressed groups, respectively, which was significantly different (P = 0.03). The associations between depression and the serum 25(OH) D levels were observed regardless of gender and age. The overall average vitamin D levels were not significantly different between total males and females (22 ± 13 vs. 23 ± 14, P = 0.49). The average level of vitamin D was higher in the older age group (40–60 years) compared to younger participants (18–39 years) (26 ± 15 vs. 21 ± 13, P = 0.004). CONCLUSION: The present study provides additional evidence for the hypothesis that low vitamin D serum concentration is associated with depression in obese adults, and highlights the need for further research to determine whether this association is causal.
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spelling pubmed-86385542021-12-03 Vitamin D deficiency and depression in obese adults: a comparative observational study Kamalzadeh, Leila Saghafi, Malihe Mortazavi, Seyede Salehe Jolfaei, Atefeh Ghanbari BMC Psychiatry Research BACKGROUND: Amongst the contributing factors of depression, vitamin D deficiency has increasingly drawn attention in recent years. This paper seeks to examine the association between serum vitamin D level and depression in patients with obesity. METHODS: In this comparative observational study, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels were compared between obese individuals with depression (n = 174) and those without depression considering the effect of potential confounders. Participants were selected from males and females aged 18 to 60 years old visiting the outpatient obesity clinic of Rasoul-e Akram hospital, Tehran, Iran. The diagnosis of depressive disorder was made based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) criteria. Additional clinical and laboratory data were collected from hospital electronic records. Mann–Whitney U test (nonparametric), Student’s t-test (parametric), and Chi-squared test were used to analyze the differences between the two groups. To examine age and gender differences in the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and depression, stratified analyses were conducted by age and gender groups. RESULTS: The mean 25(OH) D levels were significantly different between depressed and non-depressed groups (20 ± 15 vs. 27 ± 13, P <  0.001). Vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency was detected in 78 and 67% of the depressed and non-depressed groups, respectively, which was significantly different (P = 0.03). The associations between depression and the serum 25(OH) D levels were observed regardless of gender and age. The overall average vitamin D levels were not significantly different between total males and females (22 ± 13 vs. 23 ± 14, P = 0.49). The average level of vitamin D was higher in the older age group (40–60 years) compared to younger participants (18–39 years) (26 ± 15 vs. 21 ± 13, P = 0.004). CONCLUSION: The present study provides additional evidence for the hypothesis that low vitamin D serum concentration is associated with depression in obese adults, and highlights the need for further research to determine whether this association is causal. BioMed Central 2021-11-30 /pmc/articles/PMC8638554/ /pubmed/34847921 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03586-4 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research
Kamalzadeh, Leila
Saghafi, Malihe
Mortazavi, Seyede Salehe
Jolfaei, Atefeh Ghanbari
Vitamin D deficiency and depression in obese adults: a comparative observational study
title Vitamin D deficiency and depression in obese adults: a comparative observational study
title_full Vitamin D deficiency and depression in obese adults: a comparative observational study
title_fullStr Vitamin D deficiency and depression in obese adults: a comparative observational study
title_full_unstemmed Vitamin D deficiency and depression in obese adults: a comparative observational study
title_short Vitamin D deficiency and depression in obese adults: a comparative observational study
title_sort vitamin d deficiency and depression in obese adults: a comparative observational study
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8638554/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34847921
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03586-4
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