Cargando…

Low frequency weak electric fields can induce structural changes in water

Low frequency electric fields were exposed to various water samples using platinum electrodes mounted near the water surface. Responses were monitored using a spectro-radiometer and a contact-angle goniometer. Treatment of DI (deionized), EZ (Exclusion Zone), and bulk water with certain electromagne...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Rad, Iman, Stahlberg, Rainer, Kung, Kurt, Pollack, Gerald H.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8639071/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34855917
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260967
_version_ 1784609076699725824
author Rad, Iman
Stahlberg, Rainer
Kung, Kurt
Pollack, Gerald H.
author_facet Rad, Iman
Stahlberg, Rainer
Kung, Kurt
Pollack, Gerald H.
author_sort Rad, Iman
collection PubMed
description Low frequency electric fields were exposed to various water samples using platinum electrodes mounted near the water surface. Responses were monitored using a spectro-radiometer and a contact-angle goniometer. Treatment of DI (deionized), EZ (Exclusion Zone), and bulk water with certain electromagnetic frequencies resulted in a drop of radiance persisting for at least half an hour. Compared to DI water, however, samples of EZ and bulk water showed lesser radiance drop. Contact-angle goniometric results confirmed that when treated with alternating electric fields (E = 600 ± 150 V/m, f = 7.8 and 1000 Hz), droplets of EZ and bulk water acquired different charges. The applied electric field interacted with EZ water only when electrodes were installed above the chamber, but not beneath. Further, when DI water interacted with an electric field applied from above (E = 600 ± 150 V/m, f = 75 Hz), its radiance profile became similar to that of EZ water. Putting these last two findings together, one can say that application of an electric field on DI water from above (E = 600 ± 150 V/m, f = 7.8 to 75 Hz) may induce a molecular ordering in DI water similar to that of EZ water.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8639071
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher Public Library of Science
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-86390712021-12-03 Low frequency weak electric fields can induce structural changes in water Rad, Iman Stahlberg, Rainer Kung, Kurt Pollack, Gerald H. PLoS One Research Article Low frequency electric fields were exposed to various water samples using platinum electrodes mounted near the water surface. Responses were monitored using a spectro-radiometer and a contact-angle goniometer. Treatment of DI (deionized), EZ (Exclusion Zone), and bulk water with certain electromagnetic frequencies resulted in a drop of radiance persisting for at least half an hour. Compared to DI water, however, samples of EZ and bulk water showed lesser radiance drop. Contact-angle goniometric results confirmed that when treated with alternating electric fields (E = 600 ± 150 V/m, f = 7.8 and 1000 Hz), droplets of EZ and bulk water acquired different charges. The applied electric field interacted with EZ water only when electrodes were installed above the chamber, but not beneath. Further, when DI water interacted with an electric field applied from above (E = 600 ± 150 V/m, f = 75 Hz), its radiance profile became similar to that of EZ water. Putting these last two findings together, one can say that application of an electric field on DI water from above (E = 600 ± 150 V/m, f = 7.8 to 75 Hz) may induce a molecular ordering in DI water similar to that of EZ water. Public Library of Science 2021-12-02 /pmc/articles/PMC8639071/ /pubmed/34855917 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260967 Text en © 2021 Rad et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Rad, Iman
Stahlberg, Rainer
Kung, Kurt
Pollack, Gerald H.
Low frequency weak electric fields can induce structural changes in water
title Low frequency weak electric fields can induce structural changes in water
title_full Low frequency weak electric fields can induce structural changes in water
title_fullStr Low frequency weak electric fields can induce structural changes in water
title_full_unstemmed Low frequency weak electric fields can induce structural changes in water
title_short Low frequency weak electric fields can induce structural changes in water
title_sort low frequency weak electric fields can induce structural changes in water
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8639071/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34855917
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260967
work_keys_str_mv AT radiman lowfrequencyweakelectricfieldscaninducestructuralchangesinwater
AT stahlbergrainer lowfrequencyweakelectricfieldscaninducestructuralchangesinwater
AT kungkurt lowfrequencyweakelectricfieldscaninducestructuralchangesinwater
AT pollackgeraldh lowfrequencyweakelectricfieldscaninducestructuralchangesinwater