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Low frequency weak electric fields can induce structural changes in water
Low frequency electric fields were exposed to various water samples using platinum electrodes mounted near the water surface. Responses were monitored using a spectro-radiometer and a contact-angle goniometer. Treatment of DI (deionized), EZ (Exclusion Zone), and bulk water with certain electromagne...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8639071/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34855917 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260967 |
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author | Rad, Iman Stahlberg, Rainer Kung, Kurt Pollack, Gerald H. |
author_facet | Rad, Iman Stahlberg, Rainer Kung, Kurt Pollack, Gerald H. |
author_sort | Rad, Iman |
collection | PubMed |
description | Low frequency electric fields were exposed to various water samples using platinum electrodes mounted near the water surface. Responses were monitored using a spectro-radiometer and a contact-angle goniometer. Treatment of DI (deionized), EZ (Exclusion Zone), and bulk water with certain electromagnetic frequencies resulted in a drop of radiance persisting for at least half an hour. Compared to DI water, however, samples of EZ and bulk water showed lesser radiance drop. Contact-angle goniometric results confirmed that when treated with alternating electric fields (E = 600 ± 150 V/m, f = 7.8 and 1000 Hz), droplets of EZ and bulk water acquired different charges. The applied electric field interacted with EZ water only when electrodes were installed above the chamber, but not beneath. Further, when DI water interacted with an electric field applied from above (E = 600 ± 150 V/m, f = 75 Hz), its radiance profile became similar to that of EZ water. Putting these last two findings together, one can say that application of an electric field on DI water from above (E = 600 ± 150 V/m, f = 7.8 to 75 Hz) may induce a molecular ordering in DI water similar to that of EZ water. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8639071 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86390712021-12-03 Low frequency weak electric fields can induce structural changes in water Rad, Iman Stahlberg, Rainer Kung, Kurt Pollack, Gerald H. PLoS One Research Article Low frequency electric fields were exposed to various water samples using platinum electrodes mounted near the water surface. Responses were monitored using a spectro-radiometer and a contact-angle goniometer. Treatment of DI (deionized), EZ (Exclusion Zone), and bulk water with certain electromagnetic frequencies resulted in a drop of radiance persisting for at least half an hour. Compared to DI water, however, samples of EZ and bulk water showed lesser radiance drop. Contact-angle goniometric results confirmed that when treated with alternating electric fields (E = 600 ± 150 V/m, f = 7.8 and 1000 Hz), droplets of EZ and bulk water acquired different charges. The applied electric field interacted with EZ water only when electrodes were installed above the chamber, but not beneath. Further, when DI water interacted with an electric field applied from above (E = 600 ± 150 V/m, f = 75 Hz), its radiance profile became similar to that of EZ water. Putting these last two findings together, one can say that application of an electric field on DI water from above (E = 600 ± 150 V/m, f = 7.8 to 75 Hz) may induce a molecular ordering in DI water similar to that of EZ water. Public Library of Science 2021-12-02 /pmc/articles/PMC8639071/ /pubmed/34855917 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260967 Text en © 2021 Rad et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Rad, Iman Stahlberg, Rainer Kung, Kurt Pollack, Gerald H. Low frequency weak electric fields can induce structural changes in water |
title | Low frequency weak electric fields can induce structural changes in water |
title_full | Low frequency weak electric fields can induce structural changes in water |
title_fullStr | Low frequency weak electric fields can induce structural changes in water |
title_full_unstemmed | Low frequency weak electric fields can induce structural changes in water |
title_short | Low frequency weak electric fields can induce structural changes in water |
title_sort | low frequency weak electric fields can induce structural changes in water |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8639071/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34855917 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260967 |
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