Cognitive skill training improves memory, function, and use of cognitive strategies in cancer survivors

BACKGROUND: Cancer survivors commonly report symptoms of impaired cognition. This project examined effectiveness of a behavioral skills training intervention to improve cognition and reduce cognitive dysfunction symptoms in cancer survivors. METHODS: Participants were randomly assigned to group-based workshops focused on learning new cognitive skills (skills treatment—TX) or an active control of education workshops (education control—EC) or a passive control of wait list (WL). Participants were evaluated pre- and post intervention with subjective mood and symptom questionnaires and objective neurocognitive tests. RESULTS: One hundred twenty-eight participants (mean age 59 years), average 4.6 years (+/− 5.5 years) post cancer treatment with various cancer types (breast, bladder, prostate, colon, uterine), were enrolled. Analysis of all participants who attended workshop(s) revealed improvement in the TX group on all objective cognitive measures (attention, concentration, declarative, and working memory) save one test of selective attention, and improvement on a single measure (verbal memory) and decline (selective attention) in the EC group. TX group also improved on all symptom and mood measures, compare to EC group which improved on a single subscale of a symptom measure, but increased on an anxiety measure. TX group alone improved on a quantified measure of each participants’ unique, “top three,” self-described cognitive symptoms. CONCLUSION: Improvement from behavioral skills training was evident from objective cognitive tests, subjective symptom measures, and quantified, individual patient-specific symptoms. Behavioral skill training is an effective treatment for cognitive dysfunction in cancer survivors, and should be considered as a treatment option by health care providers.