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Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectroscopy-Based Metabolomics Analysis Reveals Potential Biochemical Markers for Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Due to many adverse effects of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on the mother and fetus, its diagnosis is crucial. The presence of GDM can be confirmed by an abnormal fasting plasma glucose level (aFPG) and/or oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) performed mostly between 24 and 28 gestational week....

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Autores principales: Raczkowska, Beata A., Mojsak, Patrycja, Rojo, David, Telejko, Beata, Paczkowska–Abdulsalam, Magdalena, Hryniewicka, Justyna, Zielinska–Maciulewska, Anna, Szelachowska, Malgorzata, Gorska, Maria, Barbas, Coral, Kretowski, Adam, Ciborowski, Michal
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8640240/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34867398
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.770240
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author Raczkowska, Beata A.
Mojsak, Patrycja
Rojo, David
Telejko, Beata
Paczkowska–Abdulsalam, Magdalena
Hryniewicka, Justyna
Zielinska–Maciulewska, Anna
Szelachowska, Malgorzata
Gorska, Maria
Barbas, Coral
Kretowski, Adam
Ciborowski, Michal
author_facet Raczkowska, Beata A.
Mojsak, Patrycja
Rojo, David
Telejko, Beata
Paczkowska–Abdulsalam, Magdalena
Hryniewicka, Justyna
Zielinska–Maciulewska, Anna
Szelachowska, Malgorzata
Gorska, Maria
Barbas, Coral
Kretowski, Adam
Ciborowski, Michal
author_sort Raczkowska, Beata A.
collection PubMed
description Due to many adverse effects of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on the mother and fetus, its diagnosis is crucial. The presence of GDM can be confirmed by an abnormal fasting plasma glucose level (aFPG) and/or oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) performed mostly between 24 and 28 gestational week. Both aFPG and abnormal glucose tolerance (aGT) are used to diagnose GDM. In comparison to measurement of FPG, OGTT is time-consuming, usually inconvenient for the patient, and very often needs to be repeated. Therefore, it is necessary to seek tests that will be helpful and convenient to diagnose GDM. For this reason, we investigated the differences in fasting serum metabolites between GDM women with abnGM and normal FPG (aGT-GDM group), with aFPG and normal glucose metabolism (aFPG-GDM group) as well as pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) being a control group. Serum metabolites were measured by an untargeted approach using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). In the discovery phase, fasting serum samples collected from 79 pregnant women (aFPG-GDM, n = 24; aGT-GDM, n = 26; NGT, n = 29) between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation (gwk) were fingerprinted. A set of metabolites (α–hydroxybutyric acid (α–HB), β–hydroxybutyric acid (β–HB), and several fatty acids) significant in aGT-GDM vs NGT but not significant in aFPG-GDM vs NGT comparison in the discovery phase was selected for validation. These metabolites were quantified by a targeted GC–MS method in a validation cohort consisted of 163 pregnant women (aFPG-GDM, n = 51; aGT-GDM, n = 44; and NGT, n = 68). Targeted analyses were also performed on the serum collected from 92 healthy women in the first trimester (8–14 gwk) who were NGT at this time, but in the second trimester (24–28 gwk) they were diagnosed with GDM. It was found that α–HB, β–HB, and several fatty acids were associated with aGT-GDM. A combination of α–HB, β–HB, and myristic acid was found highly specific and sensitive for the diagnosis of GDM manifested by aGT-GDM (AUC = 0.828) or to select women at a risk of aGT-GDM in the first trimester (AUC = 0.791). Our findings provide new potential markers of GDM and may have implications for its early diagnosis.
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spelling pubmed-86402402021-12-04 Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectroscopy-Based Metabolomics Analysis Reveals Potential Biochemical Markers for Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Raczkowska, Beata A. Mojsak, Patrycja Rojo, David Telejko, Beata Paczkowska–Abdulsalam, Magdalena Hryniewicka, Justyna Zielinska–Maciulewska, Anna Szelachowska, Malgorzata Gorska, Maria Barbas, Coral Kretowski, Adam Ciborowski, Michal Front Pharmacol Pharmacology Due to many adverse effects of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on the mother and fetus, its diagnosis is crucial. The presence of GDM can be confirmed by an abnormal fasting plasma glucose level (aFPG) and/or oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) performed mostly between 24 and 28 gestational week. Both aFPG and abnormal glucose tolerance (aGT) are used to diagnose GDM. In comparison to measurement of FPG, OGTT is time-consuming, usually inconvenient for the patient, and very often needs to be repeated. Therefore, it is necessary to seek tests that will be helpful and convenient to diagnose GDM. For this reason, we investigated the differences in fasting serum metabolites between GDM women with abnGM and normal FPG (aGT-GDM group), with aFPG and normal glucose metabolism (aFPG-GDM group) as well as pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) being a control group. Serum metabolites were measured by an untargeted approach using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). In the discovery phase, fasting serum samples collected from 79 pregnant women (aFPG-GDM, n = 24; aGT-GDM, n = 26; NGT, n = 29) between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation (gwk) were fingerprinted. A set of metabolites (α–hydroxybutyric acid (α–HB), β–hydroxybutyric acid (β–HB), and several fatty acids) significant in aGT-GDM vs NGT but not significant in aFPG-GDM vs NGT comparison in the discovery phase was selected for validation. These metabolites were quantified by a targeted GC–MS method in a validation cohort consisted of 163 pregnant women (aFPG-GDM, n = 51; aGT-GDM, n = 44; and NGT, n = 68). Targeted analyses were also performed on the serum collected from 92 healthy women in the first trimester (8–14 gwk) who were NGT at this time, but in the second trimester (24–28 gwk) they were diagnosed with GDM. It was found that α–HB, β–HB, and several fatty acids were associated with aGT-GDM. A combination of α–HB, β–HB, and myristic acid was found highly specific and sensitive for the diagnosis of GDM manifested by aGT-GDM (AUC = 0.828) or to select women at a risk of aGT-GDM in the first trimester (AUC = 0.791). Our findings provide new potential markers of GDM and may have implications for its early diagnosis. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-11-19 /pmc/articles/PMC8640240/ /pubmed/34867398 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.770240 Text en Copyright © 2021 Raczkowska, Mojsak, Rojo, Telejko, Paczkowska–Abdulsalam, Hryniewicka, Zielinska–Maciulewska, Szelachowska, Gorska, Barbas, Kretowski and Ciborowski. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Pharmacology
Raczkowska, Beata A.
Mojsak, Patrycja
Rojo, David
Telejko, Beata
Paczkowska–Abdulsalam, Magdalena
Hryniewicka, Justyna
Zielinska–Maciulewska, Anna
Szelachowska, Malgorzata
Gorska, Maria
Barbas, Coral
Kretowski, Adam
Ciborowski, Michal
Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectroscopy-Based Metabolomics Analysis Reveals Potential Biochemical Markers for Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
title Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectroscopy-Based Metabolomics Analysis Reveals Potential Biochemical Markers for Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
title_full Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectroscopy-Based Metabolomics Analysis Reveals Potential Biochemical Markers for Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
title_fullStr Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectroscopy-Based Metabolomics Analysis Reveals Potential Biochemical Markers for Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
title_full_unstemmed Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectroscopy-Based Metabolomics Analysis Reveals Potential Biochemical Markers for Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
title_short Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectroscopy-Based Metabolomics Analysis Reveals Potential Biochemical Markers for Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
title_sort gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy-based metabolomics analysis reveals potential biochemical markers for diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus
topic Pharmacology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8640240/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34867398
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.770240
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