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The Role of Diverse Immune Cells in Sarcoidosis
Sarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology characterized by tissue infiltration with macrophages and lymphocytes and associated non-caseating granuloma formation. The disease primarily affects the lungs. Patients suffering from sarcoidosis show a wide range of clinical sympt...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8640342/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34868074 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.788502 |
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author | Zhang, Hui Costabel, Ulrich Dai, Huaping |
author_facet | Zhang, Hui Costabel, Ulrich Dai, Huaping |
author_sort | Zhang, Hui |
collection | PubMed |
description | Sarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology characterized by tissue infiltration with macrophages and lymphocytes and associated non-caseating granuloma formation. The disease primarily affects the lungs. Patients suffering from sarcoidosis show a wide range of clinical symptoms, natural history and disease outcomes. Originally described as a Th1-driven disease, sarcoidosis involves a complex interplay among diverse immune cells. This review highlights recent advances in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis, with emphasis on the role of different immune cells. Accumulative evidence suggests Th17 cells, IFN-γ-producing Th17 cells or Th17.1 cells, and regulatory T (Treg) cells play a critical role. However, their specific actions, whether protective or pathogenic, remain to be clarified. Macrophages are also involved in granuloma formation, and M2 polarization may be predictive of fibrosis. Previously neglected cells including B cells, dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer (NK) cells and natural killer T (NKT) cells were studied more recently for their contribution to sarcoid granuloma formation. Despite these advances, the pathogenesis remains incompletely understood, indicating an urgent need for further research to reveal the distinct immunological events in this process, with hope to open up new therapeutic avenues and if possible, to develop preventive measures. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8640342 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86403422021-12-04 The Role of Diverse Immune Cells in Sarcoidosis Zhang, Hui Costabel, Ulrich Dai, Huaping Front Immunol Immunology Sarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology characterized by tissue infiltration with macrophages and lymphocytes and associated non-caseating granuloma formation. The disease primarily affects the lungs. Patients suffering from sarcoidosis show a wide range of clinical symptoms, natural history and disease outcomes. Originally described as a Th1-driven disease, sarcoidosis involves a complex interplay among diverse immune cells. This review highlights recent advances in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis, with emphasis on the role of different immune cells. Accumulative evidence suggests Th17 cells, IFN-γ-producing Th17 cells or Th17.1 cells, and regulatory T (Treg) cells play a critical role. However, their specific actions, whether protective or pathogenic, remain to be clarified. Macrophages are also involved in granuloma formation, and M2 polarization may be predictive of fibrosis. Previously neglected cells including B cells, dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer (NK) cells and natural killer T (NKT) cells were studied more recently for their contribution to sarcoid granuloma formation. Despite these advances, the pathogenesis remains incompletely understood, indicating an urgent need for further research to reveal the distinct immunological events in this process, with hope to open up new therapeutic avenues and if possible, to develop preventive measures. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-11-19 /pmc/articles/PMC8640342/ /pubmed/34868074 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.788502 Text en Copyright © 2021 Zhang, Costabel and Dai https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Immunology Zhang, Hui Costabel, Ulrich Dai, Huaping The Role of Diverse Immune Cells in Sarcoidosis |
title | The Role of Diverse Immune Cells in Sarcoidosis |
title_full | The Role of Diverse Immune Cells in Sarcoidosis |
title_fullStr | The Role of Diverse Immune Cells in Sarcoidosis |
title_full_unstemmed | The Role of Diverse Immune Cells in Sarcoidosis |
title_short | The Role of Diverse Immune Cells in Sarcoidosis |
title_sort | role of diverse immune cells in sarcoidosis |
topic | Immunology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8640342/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34868074 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.788502 |
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