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Genetic population of Plasmodium knowlesi during pre-malaria elimination in Thailand

BACKGROUND: Thailand is committed to eliminating malaria by 2024. From 2013 to 2020, the total number of malaria cases have decreased, from 37,741 to 4474 (an 88.1% reduction). However, infections with Plasmodium knowlesi, a monkey malarial pathogen that can also infect humans, have been increasingl...

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Autores principales: Sugaram, Rungniran, Boondej, Patcharida, Srisutham, Suttipat, Kunasol, Chanon, Pagornrat, Watcharee, Boonyuen, Usa, Dondorp, Arjen M, Saejeng, Aungkana, Sudathip, Prayuth, Imwong, Mallika
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2021
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Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8641246/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34861860
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-021-03990-x
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author Sugaram, Rungniran
Boondej, Patcharida
Srisutham, Suttipat
Kunasol, Chanon
Pagornrat, Watcharee
Boonyuen, Usa
Dondorp, Arjen M
Saejeng, Aungkana
Sudathip, Prayuth
Imwong, Mallika
author_facet Sugaram, Rungniran
Boondej, Patcharida
Srisutham, Suttipat
Kunasol, Chanon
Pagornrat, Watcharee
Boonyuen, Usa
Dondorp, Arjen M
Saejeng, Aungkana
Sudathip, Prayuth
Imwong, Mallika
author_sort Sugaram, Rungniran
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Thailand is committed to eliminating malaria by 2024. From 2013 to 2020, the total number of malaria cases have decreased, from 37,741 to 4474 (an 88.1% reduction). However, infections with Plasmodium knowlesi, a monkey malarial pathogen that can also infect humans, have been increasingly observed. This study focused on the molecular analysis of P. knowlesi parasites causing malaria in Thailand. METHODS: Under Thailand’s integrated Drug Efficacy Surveillance (iDES), which includes drug-resistance monitoring as part of routine case-based surveillance and responses, specimens were collected from malaria patients (n = 966) between 2018 and 2020. Thirty-one mono P. knowlesi infections (3.1%), most of which were from eastern and southern Thailand, were observed and confirmed by nested PCR assay and DNA sequencing. To evaluate whether these pathogens were from different lineages, cluster analysis based on seven microsatellite genotyping markers and the merozoite surface protein 1 (pkmsp1) gene was carried out. The P. knowlesi pyrimethamine resistance gene dihydrofolate reductase (pkdhfr) was sequenced and homology modelling was constructed. RESULTS: The results of analysing the seven microsatellite markers and pkmsp1 sequence demonstrated that P. knowlesi parasites from eastern Thailand were of the same lineage as those isolated in Cambodia, while the parasites causing malaria in southern Thailand were the same lineage as those isolated from Malaysia. The sequencing results for the pkdhfr genes indicated the presence of two mutations, Arg34Leu and a deletion at position 105. On analysis with homology modelling, the two mutations were not associated with anti-malarial drug resistance. CONCLUSIONS: This report compared the genetic populations of P. knowlesi parasites in Thailand from 2018 to 2020 and have shown similar lineages as those isolated in Cambodia and Malaysia of P. knowlesi infection in Thailand and demonstrated that the P. knowlesi parasites were of the same lineages as those isolated in Cambodia and Malaysia. The parasites were also shown to be sensitive to pyrimethamine.
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spelling pubmed-86412462021-12-06 Genetic population of Plasmodium knowlesi during pre-malaria elimination in Thailand Sugaram, Rungniran Boondej, Patcharida Srisutham, Suttipat Kunasol, Chanon Pagornrat, Watcharee Boonyuen, Usa Dondorp, Arjen M Saejeng, Aungkana Sudathip, Prayuth Imwong, Mallika Malar J Research BACKGROUND: Thailand is committed to eliminating malaria by 2024. From 2013 to 2020, the total number of malaria cases have decreased, from 37,741 to 4474 (an 88.1% reduction). However, infections with Plasmodium knowlesi, a monkey malarial pathogen that can also infect humans, have been increasingly observed. This study focused on the molecular analysis of P. knowlesi parasites causing malaria in Thailand. METHODS: Under Thailand’s integrated Drug Efficacy Surveillance (iDES), which includes drug-resistance monitoring as part of routine case-based surveillance and responses, specimens were collected from malaria patients (n = 966) between 2018 and 2020. Thirty-one mono P. knowlesi infections (3.1%), most of which were from eastern and southern Thailand, were observed and confirmed by nested PCR assay and DNA sequencing. To evaluate whether these pathogens were from different lineages, cluster analysis based on seven microsatellite genotyping markers and the merozoite surface protein 1 (pkmsp1) gene was carried out. The P. knowlesi pyrimethamine resistance gene dihydrofolate reductase (pkdhfr) was sequenced and homology modelling was constructed. RESULTS: The results of analysing the seven microsatellite markers and pkmsp1 sequence demonstrated that P. knowlesi parasites from eastern Thailand were of the same lineage as those isolated in Cambodia, while the parasites causing malaria in southern Thailand were the same lineage as those isolated from Malaysia. The sequencing results for the pkdhfr genes indicated the presence of two mutations, Arg34Leu and a deletion at position 105. On analysis with homology modelling, the two mutations were not associated with anti-malarial drug resistance. CONCLUSIONS: This report compared the genetic populations of P. knowlesi parasites in Thailand from 2018 to 2020 and have shown similar lineages as those isolated in Cambodia and Malaysia of P. knowlesi infection in Thailand and demonstrated that the P. knowlesi parasites were of the same lineages as those isolated in Cambodia and Malaysia. The parasites were also shown to be sensitive to pyrimethamine. BioMed Central 2021-12-03 /pmc/articles/PMC8641246/ /pubmed/34861860 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-021-03990-x Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research
Sugaram, Rungniran
Boondej, Patcharida
Srisutham, Suttipat
Kunasol, Chanon
Pagornrat, Watcharee
Boonyuen, Usa
Dondorp, Arjen M
Saejeng, Aungkana
Sudathip, Prayuth
Imwong, Mallika
Genetic population of Plasmodium knowlesi during pre-malaria elimination in Thailand
title Genetic population of Plasmodium knowlesi during pre-malaria elimination in Thailand
title_full Genetic population of Plasmodium knowlesi during pre-malaria elimination in Thailand
title_fullStr Genetic population of Plasmodium knowlesi during pre-malaria elimination in Thailand
title_full_unstemmed Genetic population of Plasmodium knowlesi during pre-malaria elimination in Thailand
title_short Genetic population of Plasmodium knowlesi during pre-malaria elimination in Thailand
title_sort genetic population of plasmodium knowlesi during pre-malaria elimination in thailand
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8641246/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34861860
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-021-03990-x
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