Effectiveness of portable HEPA air cleaners on reducing indoor PM(2.5) and NH(3) in an agricultural cohort of children with asthma: A randomized intervention trial

We conducted a randomized trial of portable HEPA air cleaners with pre-filters designed to also reduce NH(3) in non-smoking homes of children age 6-12 with asthma in Yakima Valley (Washington, USA). Participants were recruited through the Yakima Valley Farm Workers Clinic asthma education program. All participants received education on home triggers while intervention families additionally received two HEPA cleaners (child’s sleeping area, main living area). Fourteen-day integrated samples of PM(2.5) and NH(3) were measured at baseline and one-year follow-up. We fit ANCOVA models to compare follow-up concentrations in HEPA vs control homes, adjusting for baseline concentrations. Seventy-one households (36 HEPA, 35 control) completed the study. Most were single-family homes, with electric heat and stove, A/C, dogs/cats, and mean (SD) 5.3 (1.8) occupants. In the sleeping area, baseline geometric mean (GSD) PM(2.5) was 10.7 (2.3) μg/m(3) (HEPA) vs 11.2 (1.9) μg/m(3) (control); in the living area, it was 12.5 (2.3) μg/m(3) (HEPA) vs 13.6 (1.9) μg/m(3) (control). Baseline sleeping area NH(3) was 62.4 (1.6) μg/m(3) (HEPA) vs 65.2 (1.8) μg/m(3) (control). At follow-up, HEPA families had 60% (95% CI, 41%-72%; p < .0001) and 42% (19%-58%; p = .002) lower sleeping and living area PM(2.5), respectively, consistent with prior studies. NH(3) reductions were not observed.