Antidiabetic activity of Commiphora mukul and Phyllanthus emblica and Computational analysis for the identification of active principles with dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitory activity

The medicinal plants may serve as natural alternatives to synthetic antidiabetic medications such as dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors, which are commonly prescribed in clinical practise. The medicinal plants: Commiphora mukul and Phyllanthus emblica have considerable DPP-IV inhibitory efficacy, according to our findings. The present study is an extension of the previous study conducted in our laboratory and was designed to confirm the antidiabetic effects of C. mukul and P. emblica in the streptozotocin diabetes model and elucidate the active principles responsible for DPP-IV inhibition. C. mukul (Guggul) and P. emblica (Amla) have the ability to inhibit DPP-IV and have anti-diabetic properties in a Type 2 diabetes mellitus experimental model. The binding sites and affinity of the active principles of C. mukul (Gluggusterone E, Gluggusterone Z) and P. emblica (Pzrogallol, beta-glucogallin, and gallic acid) responsible for DPP-IV enzyme inhibition were identified using in silico studies and compared to Vildagliptin, a synthetic DPP-IV inhibitor. The Vildagliptin and therapy groups had significantly lower glycated hemoglobin and DPP-IV levels. The anti-diabetic effect of C. mukul and P. emblica is due to their DPP-IV inhibitory action. The DPP-IV inhibitory action of Gluggusterone E, Gluggusterone Z, and beta-Glucogallin was found to be superior to Vildagliptin in docking tests.