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Soundscape and ambient noise levels of the Arctic waters around Greenland
A longer Arctic open water season is expected to increase underwater noise levels due to anthropogenic activities such as shipping, seismic surveys, sonar, and construction. Many Arctic marine mammal species depend on sound for communication, navigation, and foraging, therefore quantifying underwate...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group UK
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8642542/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34862381 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-02255-6 |
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author | Ladegaard, Michael Macaulay, Jamie Simon, Malene Laidre, Kristin L. Mitseva, Aleksandrina Videsen, Simone Pedersen, Michael Bjerre Tougaard, Jakob Madsen, Peter Teglberg |
author_facet | Ladegaard, Michael Macaulay, Jamie Simon, Malene Laidre, Kristin L. Mitseva, Aleksandrina Videsen, Simone Pedersen, Michael Bjerre Tougaard, Jakob Madsen, Peter Teglberg |
author_sort | Ladegaard, Michael |
collection | PubMed |
description | A longer Arctic open water season is expected to increase underwater noise levels due to anthropogenic activities such as shipping, seismic surveys, sonar, and construction. Many Arctic marine mammal species depend on sound for communication, navigation, and foraging, therefore quantifying underwater noise levels is critical for documenting change and providing input to management and legislation. Here we present long-term underwater sound recordings from 26 deployments around Greenland from 2011 to 2020. Ambient noise was analysed in third octave and decade bands and further investigated using generic detectors searching for tonal and transient sounds. Ambient noise levels partly overlap with previous Arctic observations, however we report much lower noise levels than previously documented, specifically for Melville Bay and the Greenland Sea. Consistent seasonal noise patterns occur in Melville Bay, Baffin Bay and Greenland Sea, with noise levels peaking in late summer and autumn correlating with open water periods and seismic surveys. These three regions also had similar tonal detection patterns that peaked in May/June, likely due to bearded seal vocalisations. Biological activity was more readily identified using detectors rather than band levels. We encourage additional research to quantify proportional noise contributions from geophysical, biological, and anthropogenic sources in Arctic waters. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8642542 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86425422021-12-06 Soundscape and ambient noise levels of the Arctic waters around Greenland Ladegaard, Michael Macaulay, Jamie Simon, Malene Laidre, Kristin L. Mitseva, Aleksandrina Videsen, Simone Pedersen, Michael Bjerre Tougaard, Jakob Madsen, Peter Teglberg Sci Rep Article A longer Arctic open water season is expected to increase underwater noise levels due to anthropogenic activities such as shipping, seismic surveys, sonar, and construction. Many Arctic marine mammal species depend on sound for communication, navigation, and foraging, therefore quantifying underwater noise levels is critical for documenting change and providing input to management and legislation. Here we present long-term underwater sound recordings from 26 deployments around Greenland from 2011 to 2020. Ambient noise was analysed in third octave and decade bands and further investigated using generic detectors searching for tonal and transient sounds. Ambient noise levels partly overlap with previous Arctic observations, however we report much lower noise levels than previously documented, specifically for Melville Bay and the Greenland Sea. Consistent seasonal noise patterns occur in Melville Bay, Baffin Bay and Greenland Sea, with noise levels peaking in late summer and autumn correlating with open water periods and seismic surveys. These three regions also had similar tonal detection patterns that peaked in May/June, likely due to bearded seal vocalisations. Biological activity was more readily identified using detectors rather than band levels. We encourage additional research to quantify proportional noise contributions from geophysical, biological, and anthropogenic sources in Arctic waters. Nature Publishing Group UK 2021-12-03 /pmc/articles/PMC8642542/ /pubmed/34862381 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-02255-6 Text en © The Author(s) 2021, corrected publication 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Article Ladegaard, Michael Macaulay, Jamie Simon, Malene Laidre, Kristin L. Mitseva, Aleksandrina Videsen, Simone Pedersen, Michael Bjerre Tougaard, Jakob Madsen, Peter Teglberg Soundscape and ambient noise levels of the Arctic waters around Greenland |
title | Soundscape and ambient noise levels of the Arctic waters around Greenland |
title_full | Soundscape and ambient noise levels of the Arctic waters around Greenland |
title_fullStr | Soundscape and ambient noise levels of the Arctic waters around Greenland |
title_full_unstemmed | Soundscape and ambient noise levels of the Arctic waters around Greenland |
title_short | Soundscape and ambient noise levels of the Arctic waters around Greenland |
title_sort | soundscape and ambient noise levels of the arctic waters around greenland |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8642542/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34862381 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-02255-6 |
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