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The use of food swaps to encourage healthier online food choices: a randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND: Online grocery stores offer opportunities to encourage healthier food choices at the moment that consumers place a product of their choice in their basket. This study assessed the effect of a swap offer, Nutri-Score labeling, and a descriptive norm message on the nutrient profiling (NP)...

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Autores principales: Jansen, Laura, van Kleef, Ellen, Van Loo, Ellen J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8642761/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34863208
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12966-021-01222-8
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author Jansen, Laura
van Kleef, Ellen
Van Loo, Ellen J.
author_facet Jansen, Laura
van Kleef, Ellen
Van Loo, Ellen J.
author_sort Jansen, Laura
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Online grocery stores offer opportunities to encourage healthier food choices at the moment that consumers place a product of their choice in their basket. This study assessed the effect of a swap offer, Nutri-Score labeling, and a descriptive norm message on the nutrient profiling (NP) score of food choices in an online food basket. Additionally explored was whether these interventions made it more motivating and easier for consumers to select healthier foods and whether potential effects were moderated by consumer health interest. METHODS: Hypotheses were tested with a randomized controlled trial (RCT) in a simulated online supermarket. Dutch participants (n = 550) chose their preferred product out of six product options for four different categories (breakfast cereals, crackers, pizza, and muesli bars). Participants were randomly allocated to one of eight groups based on the interventions in a 2 (Nutri-Score: present, not present) X 2 (swap offer: present, not present) X 2 (norm message: present, not present) between subject design. The primary outcome was the difference in combined NP score of product choices, for which a lower score represented a healthier product. RESULTS: Swap offer (B = − 9.58, 95% CI: [− 12.026; − 7.132], Ƞ(2) = 0.098) and Nutri-Score labeling (B = − 3.28, 95% CI: [− 5.724; −.829], Ƞ(2) = 0.013) significantly improved the combined NP score compared to the control condition (NP score M = 18.03, SD = 14.02), whereas a norm message did not have a significant effect (B = − 1.378, 95% CI [− 3.825; 1.070], Ƞ(2) = 0.002). No evidence was found that interventions made it more motivating or easier for consumers to select healthier food, but situational motivation significantly influenced the healthiness score of food choices for both swap offer (b = − 3.40, p < .001) and Nutri-Score (b = − 3.25, p < .001). Consumer health interest only significantly moderated the influence of Nutri-Score on ease of identifying the healthy food option (b = .23, p = .04). CONCLUSIONS: Swap offer and Nutri-Score labeling were effective in enhancing healthy purchase behavior in the online store environment. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study was retrospectively registered in the ISRCTN database on 02-09-2021 (ISRCTN80519674). SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12966-021-01222-8.
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spelling pubmed-86427612021-12-06 The use of food swaps to encourage healthier online food choices: a randomized controlled trial Jansen, Laura van Kleef, Ellen Van Loo, Ellen J. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act Research BACKGROUND: Online grocery stores offer opportunities to encourage healthier food choices at the moment that consumers place a product of their choice in their basket. This study assessed the effect of a swap offer, Nutri-Score labeling, and a descriptive norm message on the nutrient profiling (NP) score of food choices in an online food basket. Additionally explored was whether these interventions made it more motivating and easier for consumers to select healthier foods and whether potential effects were moderated by consumer health interest. METHODS: Hypotheses were tested with a randomized controlled trial (RCT) in a simulated online supermarket. Dutch participants (n = 550) chose their preferred product out of six product options for four different categories (breakfast cereals, crackers, pizza, and muesli bars). Participants were randomly allocated to one of eight groups based on the interventions in a 2 (Nutri-Score: present, not present) X 2 (swap offer: present, not present) X 2 (norm message: present, not present) between subject design. The primary outcome was the difference in combined NP score of product choices, for which a lower score represented a healthier product. RESULTS: Swap offer (B = − 9.58, 95% CI: [− 12.026; − 7.132], Ƞ(2) = 0.098) and Nutri-Score labeling (B = − 3.28, 95% CI: [− 5.724; −.829], Ƞ(2) = 0.013) significantly improved the combined NP score compared to the control condition (NP score M = 18.03, SD = 14.02), whereas a norm message did not have a significant effect (B = − 1.378, 95% CI [− 3.825; 1.070], Ƞ(2) = 0.002). No evidence was found that interventions made it more motivating or easier for consumers to select healthier food, but situational motivation significantly influenced the healthiness score of food choices for both swap offer (b = − 3.40, p < .001) and Nutri-Score (b = − 3.25, p < .001). Consumer health interest only significantly moderated the influence of Nutri-Score on ease of identifying the healthy food option (b = .23, p = .04). CONCLUSIONS: Swap offer and Nutri-Score labeling were effective in enhancing healthy purchase behavior in the online store environment. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study was retrospectively registered in the ISRCTN database on 02-09-2021 (ISRCTN80519674). SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12966-021-01222-8. BioMed Central 2021-12-04 /pmc/articles/PMC8642761/ /pubmed/34863208 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12966-021-01222-8 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research
Jansen, Laura
van Kleef, Ellen
Van Loo, Ellen J.
The use of food swaps to encourage healthier online food choices: a randomized controlled trial
title The use of food swaps to encourage healthier online food choices: a randomized controlled trial
title_full The use of food swaps to encourage healthier online food choices: a randomized controlled trial
title_fullStr The use of food swaps to encourage healthier online food choices: a randomized controlled trial
title_full_unstemmed The use of food swaps to encourage healthier online food choices: a randomized controlled trial
title_short The use of food swaps to encourage healthier online food choices: a randomized controlled trial
title_sort use of food swaps to encourage healthier online food choices: a randomized controlled trial
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8642761/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34863208
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12966-021-01222-8
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