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Emerging concepts in the treatment of optic neuritis: mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles
BACKGROUND: Optic neuritis (ON) is frequently encountered in multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein associated disease, and other systemic autoimmune disorders. The hallmarks are an abnormal optic nerve and inflammatory demyelination; epi...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8642862/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34863294 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13287-021-02645-7 |
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author | Aneesh, Anagha Liu, Alice Moss, Heather E. Feinstein, Douglas Ravindran, Sriram Mathew, Biji Roth, Steven |
author_facet | Aneesh, Anagha Liu, Alice Moss, Heather E. Feinstein, Douglas Ravindran, Sriram Mathew, Biji Roth, Steven |
author_sort | Aneesh, Anagha |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Optic neuritis (ON) is frequently encountered in multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein associated disease, and other systemic autoimmune disorders. The hallmarks are an abnormal optic nerve and inflammatory demyelination; episodes of optic neuritis tend to be recurrent, and particularly for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, may result in permanent vision loss. MAIN BODY: Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy is a promising approach that results in remyelination, neuroprotection of axons, and has demonstrated success in clinical studies in other neuro-degenerative diseases and in animal models of ON. However, cell transplantation has significant disadvantages and complications. Cell-free approaches utilizing extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced by MSCs exhibit anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in multiple animal models of neuro-degenerative diseases and in rodent models of multiple sclerosis (MS). EVs have potential to be an effective cell-free therapy in optic neuritis because of their anti-inflammatory and remyelination stimulating properties, ability to cross the blood brain barrier, and ability to be safely administered without immunosuppression. CONCLUSION: We review the potential application of MSC EVs as an emerging treatment strategy for optic neuritis by reviewing studies in multiple sclerosis and related disorders, and in neurodegeneration, and discuss the challenges and potential rewards of clinical translation of EVs including cell targeting, carrying of therapeutic microRNAs, and prolonging delivery for treatment of optic neuritis. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: [Image: see text] |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8642862 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86428622021-12-06 Emerging concepts in the treatment of optic neuritis: mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles Aneesh, Anagha Liu, Alice Moss, Heather E. Feinstein, Douglas Ravindran, Sriram Mathew, Biji Roth, Steven Stem Cell Res Ther Review BACKGROUND: Optic neuritis (ON) is frequently encountered in multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein associated disease, and other systemic autoimmune disorders. The hallmarks are an abnormal optic nerve and inflammatory demyelination; episodes of optic neuritis tend to be recurrent, and particularly for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, may result in permanent vision loss. MAIN BODY: Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy is a promising approach that results in remyelination, neuroprotection of axons, and has demonstrated success in clinical studies in other neuro-degenerative diseases and in animal models of ON. However, cell transplantation has significant disadvantages and complications. Cell-free approaches utilizing extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced by MSCs exhibit anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in multiple animal models of neuro-degenerative diseases and in rodent models of multiple sclerosis (MS). EVs have potential to be an effective cell-free therapy in optic neuritis because of their anti-inflammatory and remyelination stimulating properties, ability to cross the blood brain barrier, and ability to be safely administered without immunosuppression. CONCLUSION: We review the potential application of MSC EVs as an emerging treatment strategy for optic neuritis by reviewing studies in multiple sclerosis and related disorders, and in neurodegeneration, and discuss the challenges and potential rewards of clinical translation of EVs including cell targeting, carrying of therapeutic microRNAs, and prolonging delivery for treatment of optic neuritis. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: [Image: see text] BioMed Central 2021-12-04 /pmc/articles/PMC8642862/ /pubmed/34863294 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13287-021-02645-7 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Review Aneesh, Anagha Liu, Alice Moss, Heather E. Feinstein, Douglas Ravindran, Sriram Mathew, Biji Roth, Steven Emerging concepts in the treatment of optic neuritis: mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles |
title | Emerging concepts in the treatment of optic neuritis: mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles |
title_full | Emerging concepts in the treatment of optic neuritis: mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles |
title_fullStr | Emerging concepts in the treatment of optic neuritis: mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles |
title_full_unstemmed | Emerging concepts in the treatment of optic neuritis: mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles |
title_short | Emerging concepts in the treatment of optic neuritis: mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles |
title_sort | emerging concepts in the treatment of optic neuritis: mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8642862/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34863294 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13287-021-02645-7 |
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