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Exposure Definition in Case–Control Studies of Cervical Cancer Screening: A Systematic Literature Review

The first step in evaluating the effectiveness of cervical screening is defining exposure to screening. Our aim was to describe the spectrum of screening exposure definitions used in studies of the effectiveness of cervical screening. This systematic review included case-control studies in a populat...

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Autores principales: Castanon, Alejandra, Kamineni, Aruna, Elfström, K. Miriam, Lim, Anita W.W., Sasieni, Peter
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: American Association for Cancer Research 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8643309/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34526301
http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-21-0376
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author Castanon, Alejandra
Kamineni, Aruna
Elfström, K. Miriam
Lim, Anita W.W.
Sasieni, Peter
author_facet Castanon, Alejandra
Kamineni, Aruna
Elfström, K. Miriam
Lim, Anita W.W.
Sasieni, Peter
author_sort Castanon, Alejandra
collection PubMed
description The first step in evaluating the effectiveness of cervical screening is defining exposure to screening. Our aim was to describe the spectrum of screening exposure definitions used in studies of the effectiveness of cervical screening. This systematic review included case-control studies in a population-based screening setting. Outcome was incidence of cervical cancer. Three electronic databases were searched from January 1, 2012 to December 6, 2018. Articles prior to 2012 were identified from a previous review. The qualitative synthesis focused on describing screening exposure definitions reported in the literature and the methodologic differences that could have an impact on the association between screening and cervical cancer. Forty-one case–control studies were included. Six screening exposure definitions were identified. Cervical cancer risk on average decreased by 66% when screening exposure was defined as ever tested, by 77% by time since last negative test, and by 79% after two or more previous tests. Methodologic differences included composition of the reference group and whether diagnostic and/or symptomatic tests were excluded from the analysis. Consensus guidelines to standardize exposure definitions are needed to ensure evaluations of cervical cancer screening can accurately measure the impact of transitioning from cytology to human papillomavirus–based screening and to allow comparisons between programs.
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spelling pubmed-86433092021-12-05 Exposure Definition in Case–Control Studies of Cervical Cancer Screening: A Systematic Literature Review Castanon, Alejandra Kamineni, Aruna Elfström, K. Miriam Lim, Anita W.W. Sasieni, Peter Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev Reviews The first step in evaluating the effectiveness of cervical screening is defining exposure to screening. Our aim was to describe the spectrum of screening exposure definitions used in studies of the effectiveness of cervical screening. This systematic review included case-control studies in a population-based screening setting. Outcome was incidence of cervical cancer. Three electronic databases were searched from January 1, 2012 to December 6, 2018. Articles prior to 2012 were identified from a previous review. The qualitative synthesis focused on describing screening exposure definitions reported in the literature and the methodologic differences that could have an impact on the association between screening and cervical cancer. Forty-one case–control studies were included. Six screening exposure definitions were identified. Cervical cancer risk on average decreased by 66% when screening exposure was defined as ever tested, by 77% by time since last negative test, and by 79% after two or more previous tests. Methodologic differences included composition of the reference group and whether diagnostic and/or symptomatic tests were excluded from the analysis. Consensus guidelines to standardize exposure definitions are needed to ensure evaluations of cervical cancer screening can accurately measure the impact of transitioning from cytology to human papillomavirus–based screening and to allow comparisons between programs. American Association for Cancer Research 2021-12-01 2021-09-14 /pmc/articles/PMC8643309/ /pubmed/34526301 http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-21-0376 Text en ©2021 The Authors; Published by the American Association for Cancer Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This open access article is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license.
spellingShingle Reviews
Castanon, Alejandra
Kamineni, Aruna
Elfström, K. Miriam
Lim, Anita W.W.
Sasieni, Peter
Exposure Definition in Case–Control Studies of Cervical Cancer Screening: A Systematic Literature Review
title Exposure Definition in Case–Control Studies of Cervical Cancer Screening: A Systematic Literature Review
title_full Exposure Definition in Case–Control Studies of Cervical Cancer Screening: A Systematic Literature Review
title_fullStr Exposure Definition in Case–Control Studies of Cervical Cancer Screening: A Systematic Literature Review
title_full_unstemmed Exposure Definition in Case–Control Studies of Cervical Cancer Screening: A Systematic Literature Review
title_short Exposure Definition in Case–Control Studies of Cervical Cancer Screening: A Systematic Literature Review
title_sort exposure definition in case–control studies of cervical cancer screening: a systematic literature review
topic Reviews
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8643309/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34526301
http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-21-0376
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