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Exposure Definition in Case–Control Studies of Cervical Cancer Screening: A Systematic Literature Review
The first step in evaluating the effectiveness of cervical screening is defining exposure to screening. Our aim was to describe the spectrum of screening exposure definitions used in studies of the effectiveness of cervical screening. This systematic review included case-control studies in a populat...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
American Association for Cancer Research
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8643309/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34526301 http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-21-0376 |
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author | Castanon, Alejandra Kamineni, Aruna Elfström, K. Miriam Lim, Anita W.W. Sasieni, Peter |
author_facet | Castanon, Alejandra Kamineni, Aruna Elfström, K. Miriam Lim, Anita W.W. Sasieni, Peter |
author_sort | Castanon, Alejandra |
collection | PubMed |
description | The first step in evaluating the effectiveness of cervical screening is defining exposure to screening. Our aim was to describe the spectrum of screening exposure definitions used in studies of the effectiveness of cervical screening. This systematic review included case-control studies in a population-based screening setting. Outcome was incidence of cervical cancer. Three electronic databases were searched from January 1, 2012 to December 6, 2018. Articles prior to 2012 were identified from a previous review. The qualitative synthesis focused on describing screening exposure definitions reported in the literature and the methodologic differences that could have an impact on the association between screening and cervical cancer. Forty-one case–control studies were included. Six screening exposure definitions were identified. Cervical cancer risk on average decreased by 66% when screening exposure was defined as ever tested, by 77% by time since last negative test, and by 79% after two or more previous tests. Methodologic differences included composition of the reference group and whether diagnostic and/or symptomatic tests were excluded from the analysis. Consensus guidelines to standardize exposure definitions are needed to ensure evaluations of cervical cancer screening can accurately measure the impact of transitioning from cytology to human papillomavirus–based screening and to allow comparisons between programs. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8643309 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | American Association for Cancer Research |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86433092021-12-05 Exposure Definition in Case–Control Studies of Cervical Cancer Screening: A Systematic Literature Review Castanon, Alejandra Kamineni, Aruna Elfström, K. Miriam Lim, Anita W.W. Sasieni, Peter Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev Reviews The first step in evaluating the effectiveness of cervical screening is defining exposure to screening. Our aim was to describe the spectrum of screening exposure definitions used in studies of the effectiveness of cervical screening. This systematic review included case-control studies in a population-based screening setting. Outcome was incidence of cervical cancer. Three electronic databases were searched from January 1, 2012 to December 6, 2018. Articles prior to 2012 were identified from a previous review. The qualitative synthesis focused on describing screening exposure definitions reported in the literature and the methodologic differences that could have an impact on the association between screening and cervical cancer. Forty-one case–control studies were included. Six screening exposure definitions were identified. Cervical cancer risk on average decreased by 66% when screening exposure was defined as ever tested, by 77% by time since last negative test, and by 79% after two or more previous tests. Methodologic differences included composition of the reference group and whether diagnostic and/or symptomatic tests were excluded from the analysis. Consensus guidelines to standardize exposure definitions are needed to ensure evaluations of cervical cancer screening can accurately measure the impact of transitioning from cytology to human papillomavirus–based screening and to allow comparisons between programs. American Association for Cancer Research 2021-12-01 2021-09-14 /pmc/articles/PMC8643309/ /pubmed/34526301 http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-21-0376 Text en ©2021 The Authors; Published by the American Association for Cancer Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This open access article is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license. |
spellingShingle | Reviews Castanon, Alejandra Kamineni, Aruna Elfström, K. Miriam Lim, Anita W.W. Sasieni, Peter Exposure Definition in Case–Control Studies of Cervical Cancer Screening: A Systematic Literature Review |
title | Exposure Definition in Case–Control Studies of Cervical Cancer Screening: A Systematic Literature Review |
title_full | Exposure Definition in Case–Control Studies of Cervical Cancer Screening: A Systematic Literature Review |
title_fullStr | Exposure Definition in Case–Control Studies of Cervical Cancer Screening: A Systematic Literature Review |
title_full_unstemmed | Exposure Definition in Case–Control Studies of Cervical Cancer Screening: A Systematic Literature Review |
title_short | Exposure Definition in Case–Control Studies of Cervical Cancer Screening: A Systematic Literature Review |
title_sort | exposure definition in case–control studies of cervical cancer screening: a systematic literature review |
topic | Reviews |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8643309/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34526301 http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-21-0376 |
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