Plasma Apolipoproteins A1/B and OxLDL Levels in Patients with Covid-19 As Possible Markers of the Disease

The COVID-19 infection is associated with dyslipidemia and cardiovascular complications. The aim of the study was to determine the content of ApoA1, ApoB, and oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL) in the plasma of patients (n = 81) with COVID-19, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). ApoA1, ApoB, and oxLDL were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits (Elabscience, United States). The measurements were performed at an optical wavelength of 450 nm. It was shown that the level of ApoA1 in the blood of patients with type 2 diabetes and especially with COVID-19 was significantly lower than in the blood of healthy people. Blood ApoA1 levels did not show a further decrease in patients with both COVID-19 and diabetes or CVD compared to patients with COVID-19 without concomitant diseases. It was found that the level of ApoB in the blood of patients with diabetes and, especially, with COVID-19 is significantly higher than in the blood of healthy people. Blood levels of ApoB and oxLDL are higher in patients with both COVID-19 and diabetes or CVD compared to patients with COVID-19 without comorbidities. Thus, levels of ApoA1, ApoB, and oxLDL may be promising markers of COVID-19.