Effects of 12‐week, non‐energy‐restricted dietary intervention with conventional yogurt οn appetite hormone responses of type 2 diabetic patients

Hunger‐reducing effects and beneficial changes in gastrointestinal hormones have been reported, in overweight/obese individuals consuming dairy while yogurt takes pride of place due to its unique structure and composition. Although the contribution of yogurt to metabolic regulation has received growing attention, the research studies which examine its role on appetite are limited, especially regarding type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of non‐fat, conventional yogurt consumption on appetite hormone responses of T2DM patients following a non‐energy‐restricted diet. Overweight subjects participated in a 12‐week dietary intervention including 2 meals/day (2 × 200 g) of yogurt. At the beginning and the end of the intervention, a mixed meal tolerance test assessing the postprandial response of glucose, insulin, ghrelin, glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1), and peptide‐YY (PYY) was performed. Subjective appetite ratings were also evaluated. Area under the curve for glucose, insulin, ghrelin, GLP‐1, and PYY responses did not differ after the 12‐week intervention with yogurt (p > .05) as well as for subjective appetite ratings (p > .05). No significant differences were indicated at specific time points in any of the examined parameters. Regular consumption of non‐fat, conventional yogurt for 12‐week duration does not affect appetite hormone responses in overweight patients with T2DM following a non‐energy‐restricted diet.