Cargando…

Intravenous immunoglobulin as an important adjunct in the prevention and therapy of coronavirus 2019 disease

The coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) challenged globally with its morbidity and mortality. A small percentage of affected patients (20%) progress into the second stage of the disease clinically presenting with severe or...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Danieli, Maria Giovanna, Piga, Mario Andrea, Paladini, Alberto, Longhi, Eleonora, Mezzanotte, Cristina, Moroncini, Gianluca, Shoenfeld, Yehuda
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8646640/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34940980
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sji.13101
_version_ 1784610502819708928
author Danieli, Maria Giovanna
Piga, Mario Andrea
Paladini, Alberto
Longhi, Eleonora
Mezzanotte, Cristina
Moroncini, Gianluca
Shoenfeld, Yehuda
author_facet Danieli, Maria Giovanna
Piga, Mario Andrea
Paladini, Alberto
Longhi, Eleonora
Mezzanotte, Cristina
Moroncini, Gianluca
Shoenfeld, Yehuda
author_sort Danieli, Maria Giovanna
collection PubMed
description The coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) challenged globally with its morbidity and mortality. A small percentage of affected patients (20%) progress into the second stage of the disease clinically presenting with severe or fatal involvement of lung, heart and vascular system, all contributing to multiple‐organ failure. The so‐called ‘cytokines storm’ is considered the pathogenic basis of severe disease and it is a target for treatment with corticosteroids, immunotherapies and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg). We provide an overview of the role of IVIg in the therapy of adult patients with COVID‐19 disease. After discussing the possible underlying mechanisms of IVIg immunomodulation in COVID‐19 disease, we review the studies in which IVIg was employed. Considering the latest evidence that show a link between new coronavirus and autoimmunity, we also discuss the use of IVIg in COVID‐19 and anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination related autoimmune diseases and the post‐COVID‐19 syndrome. The benefit of high‐dose IVIg is evident in almost all studies with a rapid response, a reduction in mortality and improved pulmonary function in critically ill COVID‐19 patients. It seems that an early administration of IVIg is crucial for a successful outcome. Studies’ limitations are represented by the small number of patients, the lack of control groups in some and the heterogeneity of included patients. IVIg treatment can reduce the stay in ICU and the demand for mechanical ventilation, thus contributing to attenuate the burden of the disease.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8646640
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher John Wiley and Sons Inc.
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-86466402021-12-06 Intravenous immunoglobulin as an important adjunct in the prevention and therapy of coronavirus 2019 disease Danieli, Maria Giovanna Piga, Mario Andrea Paladini, Alberto Longhi, Eleonora Mezzanotte, Cristina Moroncini, Gianluca Shoenfeld, Yehuda Scand J Immunol Reviews The coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) challenged globally with its morbidity and mortality. A small percentage of affected patients (20%) progress into the second stage of the disease clinically presenting with severe or fatal involvement of lung, heart and vascular system, all contributing to multiple‐organ failure. The so‐called ‘cytokines storm’ is considered the pathogenic basis of severe disease and it is a target for treatment with corticosteroids, immunotherapies and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg). We provide an overview of the role of IVIg in the therapy of adult patients with COVID‐19 disease. After discussing the possible underlying mechanisms of IVIg immunomodulation in COVID‐19 disease, we review the studies in which IVIg was employed. Considering the latest evidence that show a link between new coronavirus and autoimmunity, we also discuss the use of IVIg in COVID‐19 and anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination related autoimmune diseases and the post‐COVID‐19 syndrome. The benefit of high‐dose IVIg is evident in almost all studies with a rapid response, a reduction in mortality and improved pulmonary function in critically ill COVID‐19 patients. It seems that an early administration of IVIg is crucial for a successful outcome. Studies’ limitations are represented by the small number of patients, the lack of control groups in some and the heterogeneity of included patients. IVIg treatment can reduce the stay in ICU and the demand for mechanical ventilation, thus contributing to attenuate the burden of the disease. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2021-09-16 2021-11 /pmc/articles/PMC8646640/ /pubmed/34940980 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sji.13101 Text en © 2021 The Authors. Scandinavian Journal of Immunology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Scandinavian Foundation for Immunology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Reviews
Danieli, Maria Giovanna
Piga, Mario Andrea
Paladini, Alberto
Longhi, Eleonora
Mezzanotte, Cristina
Moroncini, Gianluca
Shoenfeld, Yehuda
Intravenous immunoglobulin as an important adjunct in the prevention and therapy of coronavirus 2019 disease
title Intravenous immunoglobulin as an important adjunct in the prevention and therapy of coronavirus 2019 disease
title_full Intravenous immunoglobulin as an important adjunct in the prevention and therapy of coronavirus 2019 disease
title_fullStr Intravenous immunoglobulin as an important adjunct in the prevention and therapy of coronavirus 2019 disease
title_full_unstemmed Intravenous immunoglobulin as an important adjunct in the prevention and therapy of coronavirus 2019 disease
title_short Intravenous immunoglobulin as an important adjunct in the prevention and therapy of coronavirus 2019 disease
title_sort intravenous immunoglobulin as an important adjunct in the prevention and therapy of coronavirus 2019 disease
topic Reviews
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8646640/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34940980
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sji.13101
work_keys_str_mv AT danielimariagiovanna intravenousimmunoglobulinasanimportantadjunctinthepreventionandtherapyofcoronavirus2019disease
AT pigamarioandrea intravenousimmunoglobulinasanimportantadjunctinthepreventionandtherapyofcoronavirus2019disease
AT paladinialberto intravenousimmunoglobulinasanimportantadjunctinthepreventionandtherapyofcoronavirus2019disease
AT longhieleonora intravenousimmunoglobulinasanimportantadjunctinthepreventionandtherapyofcoronavirus2019disease
AT mezzanottecristina intravenousimmunoglobulinasanimportantadjunctinthepreventionandtherapyofcoronavirus2019disease
AT moroncinigianluca intravenousimmunoglobulinasanimportantadjunctinthepreventionandtherapyofcoronavirus2019disease
AT shoenfeldyehuda intravenousimmunoglobulinasanimportantadjunctinthepreventionandtherapyofcoronavirus2019disease