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SARS-CoV-2 environmental contamination from hospitalised patients with COVID-19 receiving aerosol-generating procedures

BACKGROUND: Continuous positive airways pressure (CPAP) and high-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) are considered ‘aerosol-generating procedures’ in the treatment of COVID-19. OBJECTIVE: To measure air and surface environmental contamination with SARS-CoV-2 virus when CPAP and HFNO are used, compared with su...

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Autores principales: Winslow, Rebecca L, Zhou, Jie, Windle, Ella F, Nur, Intesar, Lall, Ranjit, Ji, Chen, Millar, Jonathan Edward, Dark, Paul M, Naisbitt, Jay, Simonds, Anita, Dunning, Jake, Barclay, Wendy, Baillie, John Kenneth, Perkins, Gavin D, Semple, Malcolm Gracie, McAuley, Daniel Francis, Green, Christopher A
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BMJ Publishing Group 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8646974/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34737194
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2021-218035
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author Winslow, Rebecca L
Zhou, Jie
Windle, Ella F
Nur, Intesar
Lall, Ranjit
Ji, Chen
Millar, Jonathan Edward
Dark, Paul M
Naisbitt, Jay
Simonds, Anita
Dunning, Jake
Barclay, Wendy
Baillie, John Kenneth
Perkins, Gavin D
Semple, Malcolm Gracie
McAuley, Daniel Francis
Green, Christopher A
author_facet Winslow, Rebecca L
Zhou, Jie
Windle, Ella F
Nur, Intesar
Lall, Ranjit
Ji, Chen
Millar, Jonathan Edward
Dark, Paul M
Naisbitt, Jay
Simonds, Anita
Dunning, Jake
Barclay, Wendy
Baillie, John Kenneth
Perkins, Gavin D
Semple, Malcolm Gracie
McAuley, Daniel Francis
Green, Christopher A
author_sort Winslow, Rebecca L
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Continuous positive airways pressure (CPAP) and high-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) are considered ‘aerosol-generating procedures’ in the treatment of COVID-19. OBJECTIVE: To measure air and surface environmental contamination with SARS-CoV-2 virus when CPAP and HFNO are used, compared with supplemental oxygen, to investigate the potential risks of viral transmission to healthcare workers and patients. METHODS: 30 hospitalised patients with COVID-19 requiring supplemental oxygen, with a fraction of inspired oxygen ≥0.4 to maintain oxygen saturation ≥94%, were prospectively enrolled into an observational environmental sampling study. Participants received either supplemental oxygen, CPAP or HFNO (n=10 in each group). A nasopharyngeal swab, three air and three surface samples were collected from each participant and the clinical environment. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses were performed for viral and human RNA, and positive/suspected-positive samples were cultured for the presence of biologically viable virus. RESULTS: Overall 21/30 (70%) participants tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the nasopharynx. In contrast, only 4/90 (4%) and 6/90 (7%) of all air and surface samples tested positive (positive for E and ORF1a) for viral RNA respectively, although there were an additional 10 suspected-positive samples in both air and surfaces samples (positive for E or ORF1a). CPAP/HFNO use or coughing was not associated with significantly more environmental contamination than supplemental oxygen use. Only one nasopharyngeal sample was culture positive. CONCLUSIONS: The use of CPAP and HFNO to treat moderate/severe COVID-19 did not appear to be associated with substantially higher levels of air or surface viral contamination in the immediate care environment, compared with the use of supplemental oxygen.
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spelling pubmed-86469742021-12-06 SARS-CoV-2 environmental contamination from hospitalised patients with COVID-19 receiving aerosol-generating procedures Winslow, Rebecca L Zhou, Jie Windle, Ella F Nur, Intesar Lall, Ranjit Ji, Chen Millar, Jonathan Edward Dark, Paul M Naisbitt, Jay Simonds, Anita Dunning, Jake Barclay, Wendy Baillie, John Kenneth Perkins, Gavin D Semple, Malcolm Gracie McAuley, Daniel Francis Green, Christopher A Thorax Non-Invasive Ventilation BACKGROUND: Continuous positive airways pressure (CPAP) and high-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) are considered ‘aerosol-generating procedures’ in the treatment of COVID-19. OBJECTIVE: To measure air and surface environmental contamination with SARS-CoV-2 virus when CPAP and HFNO are used, compared with supplemental oxygen, to investigate the potential risks of viral transmission to healthcare workers and patients. METHODS: 30 hospitalised patients with COVID-19 requiring supplemental oxygen, with a fraction of inspired oxygen ≥0.4 to maintain oxygen saturation ≥94%, were prospectively enrolled into an observational environmental sampling study. Participants received either supplemental oxygen, CPAP or HFNO (n=10 in each group). A nasopharyngeal swab, three air and three surface samples were collected from each participant and the clinical environment. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses were performed for viral and human RNA, and positive/suspected-positive samples were cultured for the presence of biologically viable virus. RESULTS: Overall 21/30 (70%) participants tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the nasopharynx. In contrast, only 4/90 (4%) and 6/90 (7%) of all air and surface samples tested positive (positive for E and ORF1a) for viral RNA respectively, although there were an additional 10 suspected-positive samples in both air and surfaces samples (positive for E or ORF1a). CPAP/HFNO use or coughing was not associated with significantly more environmental contamination than supplemental oxygen use. Only one nasopharyngeal sample was culture positive. CONCLUSIONS: The use of CPAP and HFNO to treat moderate/severe COVID-19 did not appear to be associated with substantially higher levels of air or surface viral contamination in the immediate care environment, compared with the use of supplemental oxygen. BMJ Publishing Group 2022-03 2021-11-04 /pmc/articles/PMC8646974/ /pubmed/34737194 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2021-218035 Text en © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported (CC BY 4.0) license, which permits others to copy, redistribute, remix, transform and build upon this work for any purpose, provided the original work is properly cited, a link to the licence is given, and indication of whether changes were made. See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
spellingShingle Non-Invasive Ventilation
Winslow, Rebecca L
Zhou, Jie
Windle, Ella F
Nur, Intesar
Lall, Ranjit
Ji, Chen
Millar, Jonathan Edward
Dark, Paul M
Naisbitt, Jay
Simonds, Anita
Dunning, Jake
Barclay, Wendy
Baillie, John Kenneth
Perkins, Gavin D
Semple, Malcolm Gracie
McAuley, Daniel Francis
Green, Christopher A
SARS-CoV-2 environmental contamination from hospitalised patients with COVID-19 receiving aerosol-generating procedures
title SARS-CoV-2 environmental contamination from hospitalised patients with COVID-19 receiving aerosol-generating procedures
title_full SARS-CoV-2 environmental contamination from hospitalised patients with COVID-19 receiving aerosol-generating procedures
title_fullStr SARS-CoV-2 environmental contamination from hospitalised patients with COVID-19 receiving aerosol-generating procedures
title_full_unstemmed SARS-CoV-2 environmental contamination from hospitalised patients with COVID-19 receiving aerosol-generating procedures
title_short SARS-CoV-2 environmental contamination from hospitalised patients with COVID-19 receiving aerosol-generating procedures
title_sort sars-cov-2 environmental contamination from hospitalised patients with covid-19 receiving aerosol-generating procedures
topic Non-Invasive Ventilation
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8646974/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34737194
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2021-218035
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