Comparable genetic alteration profiles between gastric cancers with current and past Helicobacter pylori infection

Gastric cancers can develop even after Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication in 0.2–2.9% cases per year. Since H. pylori is reported to directly activate or inactivate cancer-related pathways, molecular profiles of gastric cancers with current and past H. pylori infection may be different. Here, we aimed to analyze whether profiles of point mutation and gene amplification are different between the two groups. Current or past infection by H. pylori was determined by positive or negative amplification of H. pylori jhpr3 gene by PCR, and past infection was established by the presence of endoscopic atrophy. Among the 90 gastric cancers analyzed, 55 were with current infection, and 35 were with past infection. Target sequencing of 46 cancer-related genes revealed that 47 gastric cancers had 68 point mutations of 15 different genes, such as TP53 (36%), KRAS (4%), and PIK3CA (4%) and that gene amplification was present for ERBB2, KRAS, PIK3CA, and MET among the 26 genes assessed for copy number alterations. Gastric cancers with current and past infection had similar frequencies of TP53 mutations (38% and 31%, respectively; p = 0.652) and oncogene activation (20% and 29%, respectively; p = 0.444). Gastric cancers with current and past infection had comparable profiles of genetic alterations.