Intestinal Complication With Myxomatous Mitral Valve Diseases in Chihuahuas
The effects of cardiac disease on the intestine have been reported in humans but not in dogs. We investigated the effects of myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD), which is capable of causing congestion and tissue hypoperfusion, on the intestine in Chihuahuas, a breed frequently encountered in clin...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8649761/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34888377 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.777579 |
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author | Araki, R. Iwanaga, K. Ueda, Kazunori Isaka, M. |
author_facet | Araki, R. Iwanaga, K. Ueda, Kazunori Isaka, M. |
author_sort | Araki, R. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The effects of cardiac disease on the intestine have been reported in humans but not in dogs. We investigated the effects of myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD), which is capable of causing congestion and tissue hypoperfusion, on the intestine in Chihuahuas, a breed frequently encountered in clinical practice as the preferred breed for MMVD. In this study, 69 Chihuahuas were divided into four groups based on echocardiography and chest radiography: 19 healthy Chihuahuas (H) and 50 Chihuahuas with MMVD classified according to the ACVIM consensus (stage B1, B2, C/D). In all the cases, serum intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP) and D/L-lactate concentrations, markers of intestinal mucosal injury, were measured. I-FABP was significantly higher in stage C/D Chihuahuas than in other groups (p < 0.05), and stage B2 was significantly higher than H (p < 0.05). D-lactate was significantly increased in stages B2 and C/D compared to H and stage B1 (p < 0.05). L-lactate was significantly higher in stage C/D Chihuahuas than in any other group (p < 0.05), and stage B2 was significantly higher than that in H and stage B1 (p < 0.05). Intestinal mucosal injury risk was significantly higher in Chihuahuas with heart failure due to MMVD, suggesting that the risk could increase with worsening heart disease. This is the first study to investigate the intestinal complications of MMVD, and further investigations a needed in the future. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8649761 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86497612021-12-08 Intestinal Complication With Myxomatous Mitral Valve Diseases in Chihuahuas Araki, R. Iwanaga, K. Ueda, Kazunori Isaka, M. Front Vet Sci Veterinary Science The effects of cardiac disease on the intestine have been reported in humans but not in dogs. We investigated the effects of myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD), which is capable of causing congestion and tissue hypoperfusion, on the intestine in Chihuahuas, a breed frequently encountered in clinical practice as the preferred breed for MMVD. In this study, 69 Chihuahuas were divided into four groups based on echocardiography and chest radiography: 19 healthy Chihuahuas (H) and 50 Chihuahuas with MMVD classified according to the ACVIM consensus (stage B1, B2, C/D). In all the cases, serum intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP) and D/L-lactate concentrations, markers of intestinal mucosal injury, were measured. I-FABP was significantly higher in stage C/D Chihuahuas than in other groups (p < 0.05), and stage B2 was significantly higher than H (p < 0.05). D-lactate was significantly increased in stages B2 and C/D compared to H and stage B1 (p < 0.05). L-lactate was significantly higher in stage C/D Chihuahuas than in any other group (p < 0.05), and stage B2 was significantly higher than that in H and stage B1 (p < 0.05). Intestinal mucosal injury risk was significantly higher in Chihuahuas with heart failure due to MMVD, suggesting that the risk could increase with worsening heart disease. This is the first study to investigate the intestinal complications of MMVD, and further investigations a needed in the future. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-11-23 /pmc/articles/PMC8649761/ /pubmed/34888377 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.777579 Text en Copyright © 2021 Araki, Iwanaga, Ueda and Isaka. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Veterinary Science Araki, R. Iwanaga, K. Ueda, Kazunori Isaka, M. Intestinal Complication With Myxomatous Mitral Valve Diseases in Chihuahuas |
title | Intestinal Complication With Myxomatous Mitral Valve Diseases in Chihuahuas |
title_full | Intestinal Complication With Myxomatous Mitral Valve Diseases in Chihuahuas |
title_fullStr | Intestinal Complication With Myxomatous Mitral Valve Diseases in Chihuahuas |
title_full_unstemmed | Intestinal Complication With Myxomatous Mitral Valve Diseases in Chihuahuas |
title_short | Intestinal Complication With Myxomatous Mitral Valve Diseases in Chihuahuas |
title_sort | intestinal complication with myxomatous mitral valve diseases in chihuahuas |
topic | Veterinary Science |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8649761/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34888377 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.777579 |
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