Endoscopy-assisted distal locking of an intramedullary nail: A new experimental technique to reduce radiation exposure during distal locking of the intramedullary nails

OBJECTIVES: In this study, we aimed to introduce a new technique in which distal locking step was easier and safer for orthopedic trauma surgeons involving in the treatment of long bone fractures using an intranail endoscopic visualization and illumination method. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 20 fresh bovine hind limbs derived from healthy adults and killed for sale were dissected to obtain tibial bones. Two equal groups including 10 samples in each were prepared. We applied a standard nailing process in both groups: the study group (n=10) was locked by the new technique, intranail endoscopic illumination guidance and intranail visualization assistance locking technique and the control group (n=10) was locked by the classical free-hand fluoroscopic guidance technique. We measured the surgical period time and the radiation exposure time required for the distal locking in both groups. RESULTS: The radiation exposure time was statistically significantly lower in the study group compared to the control group. Also, the time period required for distal locking in the study group were statistically significantly lower than the control group. With the use of the intranail endoscopic illumination guidance and visualization assistance technique, the median period time required for the distal locking procedure reduced from 477.5 to 223.5 sec (p<0.001). The median time for radiation exposure dramatically reduced from 13.5 to 2 sec (p<0.001). The median attempt number reduced from 6.5 to 2 times (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: This experimental study indicates that the endoscopic illumination and intranail visualization assistance technique can reduce the radiation exposure time and the period time required for distal locking compared to the free-hand fluoroscopic guidance.