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Diversity and distribution of the tick-borne relapsing fever spirochete Borrelia turicatae
Borrelia turicatae is a causative agent of tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF) in the subtropics and tropics of the United States and Latin America. Historically, B. turicatae was thought to be maintained in enzootic cycles in rural areas. However, there is growing evidence that suggests the pathogen...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8651100/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34813588 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009868 |
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author | Krishnavajhala, Aparna Armstrong, Brittany A. Kneubehl, Alexander R. Gunter, Sarah M. Piccione, Julie Kim, Hee J. Ramirez, Rosa Castro-Arellano, Ivan Roachell, Walter Teel, Pete D. Lopez, Job E. |
author_facet | Krishnavajhala, Aparna Armstrong, Brittany A. Kneubehl, Alexander R. Gunter, Sarah M. Piccione, Julie Kim, Hee J. Ramirez, Rosa Castro-Arellano, Ivan Roachell, Walter Teel, Pete D. Lopez, Job E. |
author_sort | Krishnavajhala, Aparna |
collection | PubMed |
description | Borrelia turicatae is a causative agent of tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF) in the subtropics and tropics of the United States and Latin America. Historically, B. turicatae was thought to be maintained in enzootic cycles in rural areas. However, there is growing evidence that suggests the pathogen has established endemic foci in densely populated regions of Texas. With the growth of homelessness in the state and human activity in city parks, it was important to implement field collection efforts to identify areas where B. turicatae and its vector circulate. Between 2017 and 2020 we collected Ornithodoros turicata ticks in suburban and urban areas including public and private parks and recreational spaces. Ticks were fed on naïve mice and spirochetes were isolated from the blood. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was performed on eight newly obtained isolates and included previously reported sequences. The four chromosomal loci targeted for MLST were 16S ribosomal RNA (rrs), flagellin B (flaB), DNA gyrase B (gyrB), and the intergenic spacer (IGS). Given the complexity of Borrelia genomes, plasmid diversity was also evaluated. These studies indicate that the IGS locus segregates B. turicatae into four genomic types and plasmid diversity is extensive between isolates. Furthermore, B. turicatae and its vector have established endemic foci in parks and recreational areas in densely populated settings of Texas. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8651100 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86511002021-12-08 Diversity and distribution of the tick-borne relapsing fever spirochete Borrelia turicatae Krishnavajhala, Aparna Armstrong, Brittany A. Kneubehl, Alexander R. Gunter, Sarah M. Piccione, Julie Kim, Hee J. Ramirez, Rosa Castro-Arellano, Ivan Roachell, Walter Teel, Pete D. Lopez, Job E. PLoS Negl Trop Dis Research Article Borrelia turicatae is a causative agent of tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF) in the subtropics and tropics of the United States and Latin America. Historically, B. turicatae was thought to be maintained in enzootic cycles in rural areas. However, there is growing evidence that suggests the pathogen has established endemic foci in densely populated regions of Texas. With the growth of homelessness in the state and human activity in city parks, it was important to implement field collection efforts to identify areas where B. turicatae and its vector circulate. Between 2017 and 2020 we collected Ornithodoros turicata ticks in suburban and urban areas including public and private parks and recreational spaces. Ticks were fed on naïve mice and spirochetes were isolated from the blood. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was performed on eight newly obtained isolates and included previously reported sequences. The four chromosomal loci targeted for MLST were 16S ribosomal RNA (rrs), flagellin B (flaB), DNA gyrase B (gyrB), and the intergenic spacer (IGS). Given the complexity of Borrelia genomes, plasmid diversity was also evaluated. These studies indicate that the IGS locus segregates B. turicatae into four genomic types and plasmid diversity is extensive between isolates. Furthermore, B. turicatae and its vector have established endemic foci in parks and recreational areas in densely populated settings of Texas. Public Library of Science 2021-11-23 /pmc/articles/PMC8651100/ /pubmed/34813588 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009868 Text en https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) public domain dedication. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Krishnavajhala, Aparna Armstrong, Brittany A. Kneubehl, Alexander R. Gunter, Sarah M. Piccione, Julie Kim, Hee J. Ramirez, Rosa Castro-Arellano, Ivan Roachell, Walter Teel, Pete D. Lopez, Job E. Diversity and distribution of the tick-borne relapsing fever spirochete Borrelia turicatae |
title | Diversity and distribution of the tick-borne relapsing fever spirochete Borrelia turicatae |
title_full | Diversity and distribution of the tick-borne relapsing fever spirochete Borrelia turicatae |
title_fullStr | Diversity and distribution of the tick-borne relapsing fever spirochete Borrelia turicatae |
title_full_unstemmed | Diversity and distribution of the tick-borne relapsing fever spirochete Borrelia turicatae |
title_short | Diversity and distribution of the tick-borne relapsing fever spirochete Borrelia turicatae |
title_sort | diversity and distribution of the tick-borne relapsing fever spirochete borrelia turicatae |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8651100/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34813588 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009868 |
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