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Sirtuin Oxidative Post-translational Modifications

Increased sirtuin deacylase activity is correlated with increased lifespan and healthspan in eukaryotes. Conversely, decreased sirtuin deacylase activity is correlated with increased susceptibility to aging-related diseases. However, the mechanisms leading to decreased sirtuin activity during aging...

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Autores principales: Kalous, Kelsey S., Wynia-Smith, Sarah L., Smith, Brian C.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8652059/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34899389
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.763417
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author Kalous, Kelsey S.
Wynia-Smith, Sarah L.
Smith, Brian C.
author_facet Kalous, Kelsey S.
Wynia-Smith, Sarah L.
Smith, Brian C.
author_sort Kalous, Kelsey S.
collection PubMed
description Increased sirtuin deacylase activity is correlated with increased lifespan and healthspan in eukaryotes. Conversely, decreased sirtuin deacylase activity is correlated with increased susceptibility to aging-related diseases. However, the mechanisms leading to decreased sirtuin activity during aging are poorly understood. Recent work has shown that oxidative post-translational modification by reactive oxygen (ROS) or nitrogen (RNS) species results in inhibition of sirtuin deacylase activity through cysteine nitrosation, glutathionylation, sulfenylation, and sulfhydration as well as tyrosine nitration. The prevalence of ROS/RNS (e.g., nitric oxide, S-nitrosoglutathione, hydrogen peroxide, oxidized glutathione, and peroxynitrite) is increased during inflammation and as a result of electron transport chain dysfunction. With age, cellular production of ROS/RNS increases; thus, cellular oxidants may serve as a causal link between loss of sirtuin activity and aging-related disease development. Therefore, the prevention of inhibitory oxidative modification may represent a novel means to increase sirtuin activity during aging. In this review, we explore the role of cellular oxidants in inhibiting individual sirtuin human isoform deacylase activity and clarify the relevance of ROS/RNS as regulatory molecules of sirtuin deacylase activity in the context of health and disease.
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spelling pubmed-86520592021-12-09 Sirtuin Oxidative Post-translational Modifications Kalous, Kelsey S. Wynia-Smith, Sarah L. Smith, Brian C. Front Physiol Physiology Increased sirtuin deacylase activity is correlated with increased lifespan and healthspan in eukaryotes. Conversely, decreased sirtuin deacylase activity is correlated with increased susceptibility to aging-related diseases. However, the mechanisms leading to decreased sirtuin activity during aging are poorly understood. Recent work has shown that oxidative post-translational modification by reactive oxygen (ROS) or nitrogen (RNS) species results in inhibition of sirtuin deacylase activity through cysteine nitrosation, glutathionylation, sulfenylation, and sulfhydration as well as tyrosine nitration. The prevalence of ROS/RNS (e.g., nitric oxide, S-nitrosoglutathione, hydrogen peroxide, oxidized glutathione, and peroxynitrite) is increased during inflammation and as a result of electron transport chain dysfunction. With age, cellular production of ROS/RNS increases; thus, cellular oxidants may serve as a causal link between loss of sirtuin activity and aging-related disease development. Therefore, the prevention of inhibitory oxidative modification may represent a novel means to increase sirtuin activity during aging. In this review, we explore the role of cellular oxidants in inhibiting individual sirtuin human isoform deacylase activity and clarify the relevance of ROS/RNS as regulatory molecules of sirtuin deacylase activity in the context of health and disease. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-11-24 /pmc/articles/PMC8652059/ /pubmed/34899389 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.763417 Text en Copyright © 2021 Kalous, Wynia-Smith and Smith. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Physiology
Kalous, Kelsey S.
Wynia-Smith, Sarah L.
Smith, Brian C.
Sirtuin Oxidative Post-translational Modifications
title Sirtuin Oxidative Post-translational Modifications
title_full Sirtuin Oxidative Post-translational Modifications
title_fullStr Sirtuin Oxidative Post-translational Modifications
title_full_unstemmed Sirtuin Oxidative Post-translational Modifications
title_short Sirtuin Oxidative Post-translational Modifications
title_sort sirtuin oxidative post-translational modifications
topic Physiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8652059/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34899389
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.763417
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