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Whole blood‐based measurement of SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific T cells reveals asymptomatic infection and vaccine immunogenicity in healthy subjects and patients with solid‐organ cancers
Accurate assessment of SARS‐CoV‐2 immunity is critical in evaluating vaccine efficacy and devising public health policies. Whilst the exact nature of effective immunity remains incompletely defined, SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific T‐cell responses are a critical feature that will likely form a key correlate of...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
John Wiley and Sons Inc.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8653009/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34775604 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/imm.13433 |
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author | Scurr, Martin J. Zelek, Wioleta M. Lippiatt, George Somerville, Michelle Burnell, Stephanie E. A. Capitani, Lorenzo Davies, Kate Lawton, Helen Tozer, Thomas Rees, Tara Roberts, Kerry Evans, Mererid Jackson, Amanda Young, Charlotte Fairclough, Lucy Tighe, Paddy Wills, Mark Westwell, Andrew D. Morgan, B. Paul Gallimore, Awen Godkin, Andrew |
author_facet | Scurr, Martin J. Zelek, Wioleta M. Lippiatt, George Somerville, Michelle Burnell, Stephanie E. A. Capitani, Lorenzo Davies, Kate Lawton, Helen Tozer, Thomas Rees, Tara Roberts, Kerry Evans, Mererid Jackson, Amanda Young, Charlotte Fairclough, Lucy Tighe, Paddy Wills, Mark Westwell, Andrew D. Morgan, B. Paul Gallimore, Awen Godkin, Andrew |
author_sort | Scurr, Martin J. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Accurate assessment of SARS‐CoV‐2 immunity is critical in evaluating vaccine efficacy and devising public health policies. Whilst the exact nature of effective immunity remains incompletely defined, SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific T‐cell responses are a critical feature that will likely form a key correlate of protection against COVID‐19. Here, we developed and optimized a high‐throughput whole blood‐based assay to determine the T‐cell response associated with prior SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and/or vaccination amongst 231 healthy donors and 68 cancer patients. Following overnight in vitro stimulation with SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific peptides, blood plasma samples were analysed for T(H)1‐type cytokines. Highly significant differential IFN‐γ(+)/IL‐2(+) SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific T‐cell responses were seen amongst previously infected COVID‐19‐positive healthy donors in comparison with unknown / naïve individuals (p < 0·0001). IFN‐γ production was more effective at identifying asymptomatic donors, demonstrating higher sensitivity (96·0% vs. 83·3%) but lower specificity (84·4% vs. 92·5%) than measurement of IL‐2. A single COVID‐19 vaccine dose induced IFN‐γ and/or IL‐2 SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific T‐cell responses in 116 of 128 (90·6%) healthy donors, reducing significantly to 27 of 56 (48·2%) when measured in cancer patients (p < 0·0001). A second dose was sufficient to boost T‐cell responses in the majority (90·6%) of cancer patients, albeit IFN‐γ(+) responses were still significantly lower overall than those induced in healthy donors (p = 0·034). Three‐month post‐vaccination T‐cell responses also declined at a faster rate in cancer patients. Overall, this cost‐effective standardizable test ensures accurate and comparable assessments of SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific T‐cell responses amenable to widespread population immunity testing, and identifies individuals at greater need of booster vaccinations. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8653009 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | John Wiley and Sons Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86530092021-12-08 Whole blood‐based measurement of SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific T cells reveals asymptomatic infection and vaccine immunogenicity in healthy subjects and patients with solid‐organ cancers Scurr, Martin J. Zelek, Wioleta M. Lippiatt, George Somerville, Michelle Burnell, Stephanie E. A. Capitani, Lorenzo Davies, Kate Lawton, Helen Tozer, Thomas Rees, Tara Roberts, Kerry Evans, Mererid Jackson, Amanda Young, Charlotte Fairclough, Lucy Tighe, Paddy Wills, Mark Westwell, Andrew D. Morgan, B. Paul Gallimore, Awen Godkin, Andrew Immunology Original Articles Accurate assessment of SARS‐CoV‐2 immunity is critical in evaluating vaccine efficacy and devising public health policies. Whilst the exact nature of effective immunity remains incompletely defined, SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific T‐cell responses are a critical feature that will likely form a key correlate of protection against COVID‐19. Here, we developed and optimized a high‐throughput whole blood‐based assay to determine the T‐cell response associated with prior SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and/or vaccination amongst 231 healthy donors and 68 cancer patients. Following overnight in vitro stimulation with SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific peptides, blood plasma samples were analysed for T(H)1‐type cytokines. Highly significant differential IFN‐γ(+)/IL‐2(+) SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific T‐cell responses were seen amongst previously infected COVID‐19‐positive healthy donors in comparison with unknown / naïve individuals (p < 0·0001). IFN‐γ production was more effective at identifying asymptomatic donors, demonstrating higher sensitivity (96·0% vs. 83·3%) but lower specificity (84·4% vs. 92·5%) than measurement of IL‐2. A single COVID‐19 vaccine dose induced IFN‐γ and/or IL‐2 SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific T‐cell responses in 116 of 128 (90·6%) healthy donors, reducing significantly to 27 of 56 (48·2%) when measured in cancer patients (p < 0·0001). A second dose was sufficient to boost T‐cell responses in the majority (90·6%) of cancer patients, albeit IFN‐γ(+) responses were still significantly lower overall than those induced in healthy donors (p = 0·034). Three‐month post‐vaccination T‐cell responses also declined at a faster rate in cancer patients. Overall, this cost‐effective standardizable test ensures accurate and comparable assessments of SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific T‐cell responses amenable to widespread population immunity testing, and identifies individuals at greater need of booster vaccinations. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2021-12-06 2022-02 /pmc/articles/PMC8653009/ /pubmed/34775604 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/imm.13433 Text en © 2021 The Authors. Immunology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Original Articles Scurr, Martin J. Zelek, Wioleta M. Lippiatt, George Somerville, Michelle Burnell, Stephanie E. A. Capitani, Lorenzo Davies, Kate Lawton, Helen Tozer, Thomas Rees, Tara Roberts, Kerry Evans, Mererid Jackson, Amanda Young, Charlotte Fairclough, Lucy Tighe, Paddy Wills, Mark Westwell, Andrew D. Morgan, B. Paul Gallimore, Awen Godkin, Andrew Whole blood‐based measurement of SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific T cells reveals asymptomatic infection and vaccine immunogenicity in healthy subjects and patients with solid‐organ cancers |
title | Whole blood‐based measurement of SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific T cells reveals asymptomatic infection and vaccine immunogenicity in healthy subjects and patients with solid‐organ cancers |
title_full | Whole blood‐based measurement of SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific T cells reveals asymptomatic infection and vaccine immunogenicity in healthy subjects and patients with solid‐organ cancers |
title_fullStr | Whole blood‐based measurement of SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific T cells reveals asymptomatic infection and vaccine immunogenicity in healthy subjects and patients with solid‐organ cancers |
title_full_unstemmed | Whole blood‐based measurement of SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific T cells reveals asymptomatic infection and vaccine immunogenicity in healthy subjects and patients with solid‐organ cancers |
title_short | Whole blood‐based measurement of SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific T cells reveals asymptomatic infection and vaccine immunogenicity in healthy subjects and patients with solid‐organ cancers |
title_sort | whole blood‐based measurement of sars‐cov‐2‐specific t cells reveals asymptomatic infection and vaccine immunogenicity in healthy subjects and patients with solid‐organ cancers |
topic | Original Articles |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8653009/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34775604 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/imm.13433 |
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