Cargando…

Motor Bur Milling State Identification via Fast Fourier Transform Analyzing Sound Signal in Cervical Spine Posterior Decompression Surgery

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the real‐time sensitive feedback parameter of the motor bur milling state in cervical spine posterior decompression surgery, to possibly improve the safety of cervical spine posterior decompression and robot‐assisted spinal surgeries. METHODS: In this study, the cervical s...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Bai, He, Wang, Rui, Wang, Qiu, Xia, Guang‐ming, Xue, Yuan, Dai, Yu, Zhang, Jian‐xun
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8654648/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34792301
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/os.13168
_version_ 1784611905292206080
author Bai, He
Wang, Rui
Wang, Qiu
Xia, Guang‐ming
Xue, Yuan
Dai, Yu
Zhang, Jian‐xun
author_facet Bai, He
Wang, Rui
Wang, Qiu
Xia, Guang‐ming
Xue, Yuan
Dai, Yu
Zhang, Jian‐xun
author_sort Bai, He
collection PubMed
description OBJECTIVES: To investigate the real‐time sensitive feedback parameter of the motor bur milling state in cervical spine posterior decompression surgery, to possibly improve the safety of cervical spine posterior decompression and robot‐assisted spinal surgeries. METHODS: In this study, the cervical spine of three healthy male and three healthy female pigs were randomly selected. Six porcine cervical spine specimens were fixed to the vibration isolation system. The milling state of the motor bur was defined as the lamina cancellous bone (CA), lamina ventral corticalbone (VCO), and penetrating ventral cortical bone (PVCO). A 5‐mm bur milled the CA and VCO, and a 2‐mm bur milled the VCO and PVCO. A miniature microphone was used to collect the sound signal (SS) of milling lamina which was then extracted using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). When using 5‐mm and 2‐mm bur to mill, the CA, VCO, and PVCO of each specimen were continuously collected at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 kHz frequencies for SS magnitudes. The study randomly selected the SS magnitudes of the CA and VCO continuously for 2 s at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 kHz frequencies for statistical analyses. When milling the VCO to the PVCO, we randomly collected the SS magnitudes of the VCO for consecutive 2 s and the SS magnitudes of continuous 2 s in the penetrating state at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 kHz frequencies for statistical analyses. The independent sample t‐test was used to compare the SS magnitudes of different milling states extracted from the FFT to determine the motor bur milling state. RESULTS: The SS magnitudes of the CA and VCO of all specimens extracted from the FFT at 1, 2, and 3 kHz were statistically different (P < 0.01); three specimens were not statistically different at a specific FFT‐extracted frequency (first specimen at 5 kHz, SS magnitudes of the CA were [25.94 ± 8.74] × 10(−3), SS magnitudes of the VCO were [28.67 ± 12.94] × 10(−3), P = 0.440; second specimen at 4 kHz, SS magnitudes of the CA were [23.79 ± 7.94] × 10(−3), SS magnitudes of the VCO were [24.78 ± 4.32] × 10(−3), P = 0.629; and third specimen at 5 kHz, SS magnitudes of the CA were [16.76 ± 6.20] × 10(−3), SS magnitudes of the VCO were [17.69 ± 6.44] × 10(−3), P = 0.643).The SS magnitudes of the VCO and PVCO of all the specimens extracted from the FFT at each frequency were statistically different (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Based on the FFT extraction, the SS magnitudes of the motor bur milling state between the CA and VCO, the VCO and PVCO were significantly different, confirming that the SS is a potential sensitive feedback parameter for identifying the motor bur milling state. This study could improve the safety of cervical spine posterior decompression surgery, especially of robot‐assisted surgeries.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8654648
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-86546482021-12-20 Motor Bur Milling State Identification via Fast Fourier Transform Analyzing Sound Signal in Cervical Spine Posterior Decompression Surgery Bai, He Wang, Rui Wang, Qiu Xia, Guang‐ming Xue, Yuan Dai, Yu Zhang, Jian‐xun Orthop Surg Clinical Articles OBJECTIVES: To investigate the real‐time sensitive feedback parameter of the motor bur milling state in cervical spine posterior decompression surgery, to possibly improve the safety of cervical spine posterior decompression and robot‐assisted spinal surgeries. METHODS: In this study, the cervical spine of three healthy male and three healthy female pigs were randomly selected. Six porcine cervical spine specimens were fixed to the vibration isolation system. The milling state of the motor bur was defined as the lamina cancellous bone (CA), lamina ventral corticalbone (VCO), and penetrating ventral cortical bone (PVCO). A 5‐mm bur milled the CA and VCO, and a 2‐mm bur milled the VCO and PVCO. A miniature microphone was used to collect the sound signal (SS) of milling lamina which was then extracted using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). When using 5‐mm and 2‐mm bur to mill, the CA, VCO, and PVCO of each specimen were continuously collected at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 kHz frequencies for SS magnitudes. The study randomly selected the SS magnitudes of the CA and VCO continuously for 2 s at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 kHz frequencies for statistical analyses. When milling the VCO to the PVCO, we randomly collected the SS magnitudes of the VCO for consecutive 2 s and the SS magnitudes of continuous 2 s in the penetrating state at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 kHz frequencies for statistical analyses. The independent sample t‐test was used to compare the SS magnitudes of different milling states extracted from the FFT to determine the motor bur milling state. RESULTS: The SS magnitudes of the CA and VCO of all specimens extracted from the FFT at 1, 2, and 3 kHz were statistically different (P < 0.01); three specimens were not statistically different at a specific FFT‐extracted frequency (first specimen at 5 kHz, SS magnitudes of the CA were [25.94 ± 8.74] × 10(−3), SS magnitudes of the VCO were [28.67 ± 12.94] × 10(−3), P = 0.440; second specimen at 4 kHz, SS magnitudes of the CA were [23.79 ± 7.94] × 10(−3), SS magnitudes of the VCO were [24.78 ± 4.32] × 10(−3), P = 0.629; and third specimen at 5 kHz, SS magnitudes of the CA were [16.76 ± 6.20] × 10(−3), SS magnitudes of the VCO were [17.69 ± 6.44] × 10(−3), P = 0.643).The SS magnitudes of the VCO and PVCO of all the specimens extracted from the FFT at each frequency were statistically different (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Based on the FFT extraction, the SS magnitudes of the motor bur milling state between the CA and VCO, the VCO and PVCO were significantly different, confirming that the SS is a potential sensitive feedback parameter for identifying the motor bur milling state. This study could improve the safety of cervical spine posterior decompression surgery, especially of robot‐assisted surgeries. John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd 2021-11-17 /pmc/articles/PMC8654648/ /pubmed/34792301 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/os.13168 Text en © 2021 The Authors. Orthopaedic Surgery published by Chinese Orthopaedic Association and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.
spellingShingle Clinical Articles
Bai, He
Wang, Rui
Wang, Qiu
Xia, Guang‐ming
Xue, Yuan
Dai, Yu
Zhang, Jian‐xun
Motor Bur Milling State Identification via Fast Fourier Transform Analyzing Sound Signal in Cervical Spine Posterior Decompression Surgery
title Motor Bur Milling State Identification via Fast Fourier Transform Analyzing Sound Signal in Cervical Spine Posterior Decompression Surgery
title_full Motor Bur Milling State Identification via Fast Fourier Transform Analyzing Sound Signal in Cervical Spine Posterior Decompression Surgery
title_fullStr Motor Bur Milling State Identification via Fast Fourier Transform Analyzing Sound Signal in Cervical Spine Posterior Decompression Surgery
title_full_unstemmed Motor Bur Milling State Identification via Fast Fourier Transform Analyzing Sound Signal in Cervical Spine Posterior Decompression Surgery
title_short Motor Bur Milling State Identification via Fast Fourier Transform Analyzing Sound Signal in Cervical Spine Posterior Decompression Surgery
title_sort motor bur milling state identification via fast fourier transform analyzing sound signal in cervical spine posterior decompression surgery
topic Clinical Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8654648/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34792301
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/os.13168
work_keys_str_mv AT baihe motorburmillingstateidentificationviafastfouriertransformanalyzingsoundsignalincervicalspineposteriordecompressionsurgery
AT wangrui motorburmillingstateidentificationviafastfouriertransformanalyzingsoundsignalincervicalspineposteriordecompressionsurgery
AT wangqiu motorburmillingstateidentificationviafastfouriertransformanalyzingsoundsignalincervicalspineposteriordecompressionsurgery
AT xiaguangming motorburmillingstateidentificationviafastfouriertransformanalyzingsoundsignalincervicalspineposteriordecompressionsurgery
AT xueyuan motorburmillingstateidentificationviafastfouriertransformanalyzingsoundsignalincervicalspineposteriordecompressionsurgery
AT daiyu motorburmillingstateidentificationviafastfouriertransformanalyzingsoundsignalincervicalspineposteriordecompressionsurgery
AT zhangjianxun motorburmillingstateidentificationviafastfouriertransformanalyzingsoundsignalincervicalspineposteriordecompressionsurgery