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Anatomical Evaluation of the Foramen Magnum on Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Images and Review of Literature

Background and objective The morphology and morphometry of the foramen magnum (FM), which provides a passageway to vital neurological structures that relay information to and from the brain and spinal cord, are significant for many surgical approaches and applications. It was aimed to investigate th...

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Autores principales: Bahşi, İlhan, Adanır, Saliha Seda, Orhan, Mustafa, Kervancıoğlu, Piraye, Büyükbeşe, Zeynep Simgül, Beger, Orhan, Yalçın, Eda Didem
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Cureus 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8655366/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34925987
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.19385
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author Bahşi, İlhan
Adanır, Saliha Seda
Orhan, Mustafa
Kervancıoğlu, Piraye
Büyükbeşe, Zeynep Simgül
Beger, Orhan
Yalçın, Eda Didem
author_facet Bahşi, İlhan
Adanır, Saliha Seda
Orhan, Mustafa
Kervancıoğlu, Piraye
Büyükbeşe, Zeynep Simgül
Beger, Orhan
Yalçın, Eda Didem
author_sort Bahşi, İlhan
collection PubMed
description Background and objective The morphology and morphometry of the foramen magnum (FM), which provides a passageway to vital neurological structures that relay information to and from the brain and spinal cord, are significant for many surgical approaches and applications. It was aimed to investigate the morphometric and morphological features of the FM on the cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images and to review the literature in detail. Methods CBCT images of 400 individuals (200 males, 200 females, aged between 18 and 65) were evaluated by Planmeca Romexis Viewer. The length, width, perimeter, and area of the FM were examined and samples were classified according to shape. Also, the FM index (FMI) was calculated. Results The mean values of the length, width, and perimeter were found to be 36.75±2.50 mm, 32.55±2.93 mm, and 108.35±7.50 mm, respectively. The area of FM was found to be 941.81±128.26 mm(2), 946.83±127.39 mm(2), and 895.76±123.50 mm(2) with Planmeca Romexis Viewer, Radinsky formula, and Teixeira formula, respectively. All parameters were significantly larger in males than females. There was no correlation between age and these parameters. Also, seven shapes were determined for FM, and the most common shape was oval. FM index was evaluated according to the Martin and Saller classification. It was found that 16.5% of the cases belonged to the narrow, 16% belonged to the medium, and 67.5% to the large FM index. There was no correlation between age and FM index. Conclusion Morphometric and morphological features of the FM located in the craniovertebral junction (CVJ), which is a highly complex area, are variable. Surgical procedures and approaches in this region are essential due to the high mortality rate. For this reason, anatomical structures in these regions should be well known before surgery. The quantitative data presented in this study, which made a detailed literature comparison, may assist in surgical procedures around the FM and the planning of these procedures.
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spelling pubmed-86553662021-12-17 Anatomical Evaluation of the Foramen Magnum on Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Images and Review of Literature Bahşi, İlhan Adanır, Saliha Seda Orhan, Mustafa Kervancıoğlu, Piraye Büyükbeşe, Zeynep Simgül Beger, Orhan Yalçın, Eda Didem Cureus Neurosurgery Background and objective The morphology and morphometry of the foramen magnum (FM), which provides a passageway to vital neurological structures that relay information to and from the brain and spinal cord, are significant for many surgical approaches and applications. It was aimed to investigate the morphometric and morphological features of the FM on the cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images and to review the literature in detail. Methods CBCT images of 400 individuals (200 males, 200 females, aged between 18 and 65) were evaluated by Planmeca Romexis Viewer. The length, width, perimeter, and area of the FM were examined and samples were classified according to shape. Also, the FM index (FMI) was calculated. Results The mean values of the length, width, and perimeter were found to be 36.75±2.50 mm, 32.55±2.93 mm, and 108.35±7.50 mm, respectively. The area of FM was found to be 941.81±128.26 mm(2), 946.83±127.39 mm(2), and 895.76±123.50 mm(2) with Planmeca Romexis Viewer, Radinsky formula, and Teixeira formula, respectively. All parameters were significantly larger in males than females. There was no correlation between age and these parameters. Also, seven shapes were determined for FM, and the most common shape was oval. FM index was evaluated according to the Martin and Saller classification. It was found that 16.5% of the cases belonged to the narrow, 16% belonged to the medium, and 67.5% to the large FM index. There was no correlation between age and FM index. Conclusion Morphometric and morphological features of the FM located in the craniovertebral junction (CVJ), which is a highly complex area, are variable. Surgical procedures and approaches in this region are essential due to the high mortality rate. For this reason, anatomical structures in these regions should be well known before surgery. The quantitative data presented in this study, which made a detailed literature comparison, may assist in surgical procedures around the FM and the planning of these procedures. Cureus 2021-11-08 /pmc/articles/PMC8655366/ /pubmed/34925987 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.19385 Text en Copyright © 2021, Bahşi et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Neurosurgery
Bahşi, İlhan
Adanır, Saliha Seda
Orhan, Mustafa
Kervancıoğlu, Piraye
Büyükbeşe, Zeynep Simgül
Beger, Orhan
Yalçın, Eda Didem
Anatomical Evaluation of the Foramen Magnum on Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Images and Review of Literature
title Anatomical Evaluation of the Foramen Magnum on Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Images and Review of Literature
title_full Anatomical Evaluation of the Foramen Magnum on Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Images and Review of Literature
title_fullStr Anatomical Evaluation of the Foramen Magnum on Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Images and Review of Literature
title_full_unstemmed Anatomical Evaluation of the Foramen Magnum on Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Images and Review of Literature
title_short Anatomical Evaluation of the Foramen Magnum on Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Images and Review of Literature
title_sort anatomical evaluation of the foramen magnum on cone-beam computed tomography images and review of literature
topic Neurosurgery
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8655366/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34925987
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.19385
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