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A Potential Role of Coumestrol in Soybean Leaf Senescence and Its Interaction With Phytohormones
Coumestrol is a natural organic compound synthesized in soy leaves and functions as a phytoalexin. The coumestrol levels in plants are reported to increase upon insect attack. This study investigates the correlation between coumestrol, senescence, and the effect of phytohormones on the coumestrol le...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8655741/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34899782 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.756308 |
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author | Mun, Bong-Gyu Kim, Hyun-Ho Yuk, Heung Joo Hussain, Adil Loake, Gary John Yun, Byung-Wook |
author_facet | Mun, Bong-Gyu Kim, Hyun-Ho Yuk, Heung Joo Hussain, Adil Loake, Gary John Yun, Byung-Wook |
author_sort | Mun, Bong-Gyu |
collection | PubMed |
description | Coumestrol is a natural organic compound synthesized in soy leaves and functions as a phytoalexin. The coumestrol levels in plants are reported to increase upon insect attack. This study investigates the correlation between coumestrol, senescence, and the effect of phytohormones on the coumestrol levels in soybean leaves. Our analysis involving high-performance liquid chromatography and 2-D gel electrophoresis indicated a significant difference in the biochemical composition of soybean leaves at various young and mature growth stages. Eight chemical compounds were specifically detected in young leaves (V1) only, whereas three different coumestans isotrifoliol, coumestrol, and phaseol were detected only in mature, yellow leaves of the R6 and R7 growth stage. MALDI-TOF-MS analysis was used to identify two proteins 3,9 -dihydroxypterocarpan 6A-monooxygenase (CYP93A1) and isoflavone reductase homolog 2 (IFR2) only in mature leaves, which are key components of the coumestrol biosynthetic pathway. This indicates that senescence in soybean is linked to the accumulation of coumestrol. Following the external application of coumestrol, the detached V1-stage young leaves turned yellow and showed an interesting development of roots at the base of the midrib. Additionally, the application of phytohormones, including SA, methyl jasmonate (MeJA), and ethephon alone and in various combinations induced yellowing within 5 days of the application with a concomitant significant increase in endogenous coumestrol accumulation. This was also accompanied by a significant increase in the expression of genes CYP81E28 (Gm08G089500), CYP81E22 (Gm16G149300), GmIFS1, and GmIFS2. These results indicate that various coumestans, especially coumestrol, accumulate during leaf maturity, or senescence in soybean. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8655741 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86557412021-12-10 A Potential Role of Coumestrol in Soybean Leaf Senescence and Its Interaction With Phytohormones Mun, Bong-Gyu Kim, Hyun-Ho Yuk, Heung Joo Hussain, Adil Loake, Gary John Yun, Byung-Wook Front Plant Sci Plant Science Coumestrol is a natural organic compound synthesized in soy leaves and functions as a phytoalexin. The coumestrol levels in plants are reported to increase upon insect attack. This study investigates the correlation between coumestrol, senescence, and the effect of phytohormones on the coumestrol levels in soybean leaves. Our analysis involving high-performance liquid chromatography and 2-D gel electrophoresis indicated a significant difference in the biochemical composition of soybean leaves at various young and mature growth stages. Eight chemical compounds were specifically detected in young leaves (V1) only, whereas three different coumestans isotrifoliol, coumestrol, and phaseol were detected only in mature, yellow leaves of the R6 and R7 growth stage. MALDI-TOF-MS analysis was used to identify two proteins 3,9 -dihydroxypterocarpan 6A-monooxygenase (CYP93A1) and isoflavone reductase homolog 2 (IFR2) only in mature leaves, which are key components of the coumestrol biosynthetic pathway. This indicates that senescence in soybean is linked to the accumulation of coumestrol. Following the external application of coumestrol, the detached V1-stage young leaves turned yellow and showed an interesting development of roots at the base of the midrib. Additionally, the application of phytohormones, including SA, methyl jasmonate (MeJA), and ethephon alone and in various combinations induced yellowing within 5 days of the application with a concomitant significant increase in endogenous coumestrol accumulation. This was also accompanied by a significant increase in the expression of genes CYP81E28 (Gm08G089500), CYP81E22 (Gm16G149300), GmIFS1, and GmIFS2. These results indicate that various coumestans, especially coumestrol, accumulate during leaf maturity, or senescence in soybean. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-11-25 /pmc/articles/PMC8655741/ /pubmed/34899782 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.756308 Text en Copyright © 2021 Mun, Kim, Yuk, Hussain, Loake and Yun. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Plant Science Mun, Bong-Gyu Kim, Hyun-Ho Yuk, Heung Joo Hussain, Adil Loake, Gary John Yun, Byung-Wook A Potential Role of Coumestrol in Soybean Leaf Senescence and Its Interaction With Phytohormones |
title | A Potential Role of Coumestrol in Soybean Leaf Senescence and Its Interaction With Phytohormones |
title_full | A Potential Role of Coumestrol in Soybean Leaf Senescence and Its Interaction With Phytohormones |
title_fullStr | A Potential Role of Coumestrol in Soybean Leaf Senescence and Its Interaction With Phytohormones |
title_full_unstemmed | A Potential Role of Coumestrol in Soybean Leaf Senescence and Its Interaction With Phytohormones |
title_short | A Potential Role of Coumestrol in Soybean Leaf Senescence and Its Interaction With Phytohormones |
title_sort | potential role of coumestrol in soybean leaf senescence and its interaction with phytohormones |
topic | Plant Science |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8655741/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34899782 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.756308 |
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