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Early Immune Response Elicited by Different Trypanosoma cruzi Infective Stages

Trypanosoma cruzi is a protozoan parasite that affects millions of people in Latin America. Infection occurs by vectorial transmission or by transfusion or transplacental route. Immune events occurring immediately after the parasite entrance are poorly explored. Dendritic cells (DCs) are target for...

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Autores principales: Gutierrez, Brenda Celeste, Lammel, Estela, González-Cappa, Stella Maris, Poncini, Carolina Verónica
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8656353/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34900754
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2021.768566
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author Gutierrez, Brenda Celeste
Lammel, Estela
González-Cappa, Stella Maris
Poncini, Carolina Verónica
author_facet Gutierrez, Brenda Celeste
Lammel, Estela
González-Cappa, Stella Maris
Poncini, Carolina Verónica
author_sort Gutierrez, Brenda Celeste
collection PubMed
description Trypanosoma cruzi is a protozoan parasite that affects millions of people in Latin America. Infection occurs by vectorial transmission or by transfusion or transplacental route. Immune events occurring immediately after the parasite entrance are poorly explored. Dendritic cells (DCs) are target for the parasite immune evasion mechanisms. Recently, we have demonstrated that two different populations of DCs display variable activation after interaction with the two infective forms of the parasite: metacyclic or blood trypomastigotes (mTp or bTp) in vitro. The skin constitutes a complex network with several populations of antigen-presenting cells. Previously, we have demonstrated T. cruzi conditioning the repertoire of cells recruited into the site of infection. In the present work, we observed that mTp and bTp inoculation displayed differences in cell recruitment to the site of infection and in the activation status of APCs in draining lymph nodes and spleen during acute infection. Animals inoculated with mTp exhibited 100% of survival with no detectable parasitemia, in contrast with those injected with bTp that displayed high mortality and high parasite load. Animals infected with mTp and challenged with a lethal dose of bTp 15 days after primary infection showed no mortality and incremented DC activation in secondary lymphoid organs compared with controls injected only with bTp or non-infected mice. These animals also displayed a smaller number of amastigote nests in cardiac tissue and more CD8 T cells than mice infected with bTp. All the results suggest that both Tp infective stages induce an unequal immune response since the beginning of the infection.
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spelling pubmed-86563532021-12-10 Early Immune Response Elicited by Different Trypanosoma cruzi Infective Stages Gutierrez, Brenda Celeste Lammel, Estela González-Cappa, Stella Maris Poncini, Carolina Verónica Front Cell Infect Microbiol Cellular and Infection Microbiology Trypanosoma cruzi is a protozoan parasite that affects millions of people in Latin America. Infection occurs by vectorial transmission or by transfusion or transplacental route. Immune events occurring immediately after the parasite entrance are poorly explored. Dendritic cells (DCs) are target for the parasite immune evasion mechanisms. Recently, we have demonstrated that two different populations of DCs display variable activation after interaction with the two infective forms of the parasite: metacyclic or blood trypomastigotes (mTp or bTp) in vitro. The skin constitutes a complex network with several populations of antigen-presenting cells. Previously, we have demonstrated T. cruzi conditioning the repertoire of cells recruited into the site of infection. In the present work, we observed that mTp and bTp inoculation displayed differences in cell recruitment to the site of infection and in the activation status of APCs in draining lymph nodes and spleen during acute infection. Animals inoculated with mTp exhibited 100% of survival with no detectable parasitemia, in contrast with those injected with bTp that displayed high mortality and high parasite load. Animals infected with mTp and challenged with a lethal dose of bTp 15 days after primary infection showed no mortality and incremented DC activation in secondary lymphoid organs compared with controls injected only with bTp or non-infected mice. These animals also displayed a smaller number of amastigote nests in cardiac tissue and more CD8 T cells than mice infected with bTp. All the results suggest that both Tp infective stages induce an unequal immune response since the beginning of the infection. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-11-25 /pmc/articles/PMC8656353/ /pubmed/34900754 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2021.768566 Text en Copyright © 2021 Gutierrez, Lammel, González-Cappa and Poncini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Cellular and Infection Microbiology
Gutierrez, Brenda Celeste
Lammel, Estela
González-Cappa, Stella Maris
Poncini, Carolina Verónica
Early Immune Response Elicited by Different Trypanosoma cruzi Infective Stages
title Early Immune Response Elicited by Different Trypanosoma cruzi Infective Stages
title_full Early Immune Response Elicited by Different Trypanosoma cruzi Infective Stages
title_fullStr Early Immune Response Elicited by Different Trypanosoma cruzi Infective Stages
title_full_unstemmed Early Immune Response Elicited by Different Trypanosoma cruzi Infective Stages
title_short Early Immune Response Elicited by Different Trypanosoma cruzi Infective Stages
title_sort early immune response elicited by different trypanosoma cruzi infective stages
topic Cellular and Infection Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8656353/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34900754
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2021.768566
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