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Indoor Tanning and the Risk of Overall and Early-Onset Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Motivated by the increasing incidences of skin cancer, in 2015, Australian states banned indoor tanning to prevent exposure to artificial ultraviolet light. However, there has been no study investigating the association between indoor tanning and early-onset melanoma and non-melanoma...

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Autores principales: An, Seokyung, Kim, Kyungsik, Moon, Sungji, Ko, Kwang-Pil, Kim, Inah, Lee, Jung Eun, Park, Sue K.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8656707/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34885049
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13235940
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author An, Seokyung
Kim, Kyungsik
Moon, Sungji
Ko, Kwang-Pil
Kim, Inah
Lee, Jung Eun
Park, Sue K.
author_facet An, Seokyung
Kim, Kyungsik
Moon, Sungji
Ko, Kwang-Pil
Kim, Inah
Lee, Jung Eun
Park, Sue K.
author_sort An, Seokyung
collection PubMed
description SIMPLE SUMMARY: Motivated by the increasing incidences of skin cancer, in 2015, Australian states banned indoor tanning to prevent exposure to artificial ultraviolet light. However, there has been no study investigating the association between indoor tanning and early-onset melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. In this study, we reviewed a total of 54 studies to examine the association between indoor tanning device use and overall and early-onset skin cancer. We found that indoor tanning is associated with increased risk for early-onset melanoma and NMSC, and has a dose–response relationship with first exposure at an early age and the frequency of exposure. Therefore, this study emphasizes the importance of avoiding indoor tanning risk in younger adults. Our findings provide evidence that supports policies regulating the excessive use of tanning devices, especially in the vulnerable younger population, to reduce the additional risk of skin cancer. ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to examine the association between indoor tanning use and the risk of overall and early-onset (age < 50) melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). To evaluate the association between indoor tanning and skin cancer, a systematic review of the literature published until July 2021 was performed using PubMed, EMBASE, and MEDLINE. Summary relative risk (RR) from 18 studies with 10,406 NMSC cases and 36 studies with 14,583 melanoma cases showed significant association between skin cancer and indoor tanning (melanoma, RR= 1.27, 95% CI 1.16–1.39; NMSC, RR = 1.40, 95% CI 1.18–1.65; squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), RR = 1.58, 95% CI 1.38–1.81; basal cell carcinoma (BCC), RR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.00–1.55). The risk was more pronounced in early-onset skin cancer (melanoma, RR = 1.75, 95% CI 1.14–2.69; NMSC, RR = 1.99, 95% CI 1.48–2.68; SCC, RR = 1.81, 95% CI 1.38–2.37; BCC, RR = 1.75, 95% CI 1.15–2.77). Moreover, first exposure at an early age (age ≤ 20 years) and higher exposure (annual frequency ≥ 10 times) to indoor tanning showed increasing risk for melanoma (RR = 1.47, 95% CI 1.16–1.85; RR = 1.52, 1.22–1.89) and NMSC (RR = 2.02, 95% CI 1.44–2.83; RR = 1.56, 95% CI 1.31–1.86). These findings provide evidence supporting primary prevention policies regulating modifiable behaviors to reduce the additional risk of skin cancer among younger adults.
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spelling pubmed-86567072021-12-10 Indoor Tanning and the Risk of Overall and Early-Onset Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis An, Seokyung Kim, Kyungsik Moon, Sungji Ko, Kwang-Pil Kim, Inah Lee, Jung Eun Park, Sue K. Cancers (Basel) Systematic Review SIMPLE SUMMARY: Motivated by the increasing incidences of skin cancer, in 2015, Australian states banned indoor tanning to prevent exposure to artificial ultraviolet light. However, there has been no study investigating the association between indoor tanning and early-onset melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. In this study, we reviewed a total of 54 studies to examine the association between indoor tanning device use and overall and early-onset skin cancer. We found that indoor tanning is associated with increased risk for early-onset melanoma and NMSC, and has a dose–response relationship with first exposure at an early age and the frequency of exposure. Therefore, this study emphasizes the importance of avoiding indoor tanning risk in younger adults. Our findings provide evidence that supports policies regulating the excessive use of tanning devices, especially in the vulnerable younger population, to reduce the additional risk of skin cancer. ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to examine the association between indoor tanning use and the risk of overall and early-onset (age < 50) melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). To evaluate the association between indoor tanning and skin cancer, a systematic review of the literature published until July 2021 was performed using PubMed, EMBASE, and MEDLINE. Summary relative risk (RR) from 18 studies with 10,406 NMSC cases and 36 studies with 14,583 melanoma cases showed significant association between skin cancer and indoor tanning (melanoma, RR= 1.27, 95% CI 1.16–1.39; NMSC, RR = 1.40, 95% CI 1.18–1.65; squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), RR = 1.58, 95% CI 1.38–1.81; basal cell carcinoma (BCC), RR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.00–1.55). The risk was more pronounced in early-onset skin cancer (melanoma, RR = 1.75, 95% CI 1.14–2.69; NMSC, RR = 1.99, 95% CI 1.48–2.68; SCC, RR = 1.81, 95% CI 1.38–2.37; BCC, RR = 1.75, 95% CI 1.15–2.77). Moreover, first exposure at an early age (age ≤ 20 years) and higher exposure (annual frequency ≥ 10 times) to indoor tanning showed increasing risk for melanoma (RR = 1.47, 95% CI 1.16–1.85; RR = 1.52, 1.22–1.89) and NMSC (RR = 2.02, 95% CI 1.44–2.83; RR = 1.56, 95% CI 1.31–1.86). These findings provide evidence supporting primary prevention policies regulating modifiable behaviors to reduce the additional risk of skin cancer among younger adults. MDPI 2021-11-25 /pmc/articles/PMC8656707/ /pubmed/34885049 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13235940 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Systematic Review
An, Seokyung
Kim, Kyungsik
Moon, Sungji
Ko, Kwang-Pil
Kim, Inah
Lee, Jung Eun
Park, Sue K.
Indoor Tanning and the Risk of Overall and Early-Onset Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title Indoor Tanning and the Risk of Overall and Early-Onset Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_full Indoor Tanning and the Risk of Overall and Early-Onset Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_fullStr Indoor Tanning and the Risk of Overall and Early-Onset Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_full_unstemmed Indoor Tanning and the Risk of Overall and Early-Onset Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_short Indoor Tanning and the Risk of Overall and Early-Onset Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_sort indoor tanning and the risk of overall and early-onset melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis
topic Systematic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8656707/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34885049
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13235940
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