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Health Inequalities in the Diverse World of Self-Employment: A Swedish National Cohort Study
With labor being a central social determinant of health, there is an increasing need to investigate health inequalities within the heterogenous and growing population in self-employment. This study aimed to longitudinally investigate the relationship between income level, self-employment status and...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8656803/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34886040 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312301 |
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author | Gauffin, Karl Dunlavy, Andrea |
author_facet | Gauffin, Karl Dunlavy, Andrea |
author_sort | Gauffin, Karl |
collection | PubMed |
description | With labor being a central social determinant of health, there is an increasing need to investigate health inequalities within the heterogenous and growing population in self-employment. This study aimed to longitudinally investigate the relationship between income level, self-employment status and multiple work-related health indicators in a Swedish national cohort (n = 3,530,309). The study investigated the relationship between self-employment status and health outcomes later in life. All poor health outcomes, with the exception of alcohol-related disorders, were more common in the self-employed population, compared to the group in regular employment. The income gradient, however, was more pronounced in the group with regular employment than the groups in self-employment. The study found clear connections between low income and poor health in all employment groups, but the gradient was more pronounced in the group in regular employment. This suggests that income has a weaker connection to other types of health promoting resources in the self-employed population. Potentially, lacking social and public support could make it difficult for unhealthy individuals to maintain low-income self-employment over a longer time period. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8656803 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86568032021-12-10 Health Inequalities in the Diverse World of Self-Employment: A Swedish National Cohort Study Gauffin, Karl Dunlavy, Andrea Int J Environ Res Public Health Article With labor being a central social determinant of health, there is an increasing need to investigate health inequalities within the heterogenous and growing population in self-employment. This study aimed to longitudinally investigate the relationship between income level, self-employment status and multiple work-related health indicators in a Swedish national cohort (n = 3,530,309). The study investigated the relationship between self-employment status and health outcomes later in life. All poor health outcomes, with the exception of alcohol-related disorders, were more common in the self-employed population, compared to the group in regular employment. The income gradient, however, was more pronounced in the group with regular employment than the groups in self-employment. The study found clear connections between low income and poor health in all employment groups, but the gradient was more pronounced in the group in regular employment. This suggests that income has a weaker connection to other types of health promoting resources in the self-employed population. Potentially, lacking social and public support could make it difficult for unhealthy individuals to maintain low-income self-employment over a longer time period. MDPI 2021-11-23 /pmc/articles/PMC8656803/ /pubmed/34886040 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312301 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Gauffin, Karl Dunlavy, Andrea Health Inequalities in the Diverse World of Self-Employment: A Swedish National Cohort Study |
title | Health Inequalities in the Diverse World of Self-Employment: A Swedish National Cohort Study |
title_full | Health Inequalities in the Diverse World of Self-Employment: A Swedish National Cohort Study |
title_fullStr | Health Inequalities in the Diverse World of Self-Employment: A Swedish National Cohort Study |
title_full_unstemmed | Health Inequalities in the Diverse World of Self-Employment: A Swedish National Cohort Study |
title_short | Health Inequalities in the Diverse World of Self-Employment: A Swedish National Cohort Study |
title_sort | health inequalities in the diverse world of self-employment: a swedish national cohort study |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8656803/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34886040 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312301 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT gauffinkarl healthinequalitiesinthediverseworldofselfemploymentaswedishnationalcohortstudy AT dunlavyandrea healthinequalitiesinthediverseworldofselfemploymentaswedishnationalcohortstudy |