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The Influence of Episodic Future Thinking and Graphic Warning Labels on Delay Discounting and Cigarette Demand
Delay discounting and operant demand are two behavioral economic constructs that tend to covary, by degree, with cigarette smoking status. Given historically robust associations between adverse health outcomes of smoking, a strong preference for immediate reinforcement (measured with delay discounti...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8656814/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34886370 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312637 |
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author | Naudé, Gideon P. Dolan, Sean B. Strickland, Justin C. Berry, Meredith S. Cox, David J. Johnson, Matthew W. |
author_facet | Naudé, Gideon P. Dolan, Sean B. Strickland, Justin C. Berry, Meredith S. Cox, David J. Johnson, Matthew W. |
author_sort | Naudé, Gideon P. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Delay discounting and operant demand are two behavioral economic constructs that tend to covary, by degree, with cigarette smoking status. Given historically robust associations between adverse health outcomes of smoking, a strong preference for immediate reinforcement (measured with delay discounting), and excessive motivation to smoke cigarettes (measured with operant demand), researchers have made numerous attempts to attenuate the extent to which behaviors corresponding to these constructs acutely appear in smokers. One approach is episodic future thinking, which can reportedly increase the impact of future events on present decision making as well as reduce the reinforcing value of cigarettes. Graphic cigarette pack warning labels may also reduce smoking by increased future orientation. Experiment 1 evaluated the combined effects of episodic future thinking and graphic warning labels on delay discounting; Experiment 2 evaluated solely the effects of episodic future thinking on delay discounting and operant demand. We observed no statistically significant effects of episodic future thinking when combined with graphic warning labels or when assessed on its own. These results serve as a call for further research on the boundary conditions of experimental techniques reported to alter behaviors associated with cigarette smoking. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8656814 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86568142021-12-10 The Influence of Episodic Future Thinking and Graphic Warning Labels on Delay Discounting and Cigarette Demand Naudé, Gideon P. Dolan, Sean B. Strickland, Justin C. Berry, Meredith S. Cox, David J. Johnson, Matthew W. Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Delay discounting and operant demand are two behavioral economic constructs that tend to covary, by degree, with cigarette smoking status. Given historically robust associations between adverse health outcomes of smoking, a strong preference for immediate reinforcement (measured with delay discounting), and excessive motivation to smoke cigarettes (measured with operant demand), researchers have made numerous attempts to attenuate the extent to which behaviors corresponding to these constructs acutely appear in smokers. One approach is episodic future thinking, which can reportedly increase the impact of future events on present decision making as well as reduce the reinforcing value of cigarettes. Graphic cigarette pack warning labels may also reduce smoking by increased future orientation. Experiment 1 evaluated the combined effects of episodic future thinking and graphic warning labels on delay discounting; Experiment 2 evaluated solely the effects of episodic future thinking on delay discounting and operant demand. We observed no statistically significant effects of episodic future thinking when combined with graphic warning labels or when assessed on its own. These results serve as a call for further research on the boundary conditions of experimental techniques reported to alter behaviors associated with cigarette smoking. MDPI 2021-11-30 /pmc/articles/PMC8656814/ /pubmed/34886370 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312637 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Naudé, Gideon P. Dolan, Sean B. Strickland, Justin C. Berry, Meredith S. Cox, David J. Johnson, Matthew W. The Influence of Episodic Future Thinking and Graphic Warning Labels on Delay Discounting and Cigarette Demand |
title | The Influence of Episodic Future Thinking and Graphic Warning Labels on Delay Discounting and Cigarette Demand |
title_full | The Influence of Episodic Future Thinking and Graphic Warning Labels on Delay Discounting and Cigarette Demand |
title_fullStr | The Influence of Episodic Future Thinking and Graphic Warning Labels on Delay Discounting and Cigarette Demand |
title_full_unstemmed | The Influence of Episodic Future Thinking and Graphic Warning Labels on Delay Discounting and Cigarette Demand |
title_short | The Influence of Episodic Future Thinking and Graphic Warning Labels on Delay Discounting and Cigarette Demand |
title_sort | influence of episodic future thinking and graphic warning labels on delay discounting and cigarette demand |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8656814/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34886370 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312637 |
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