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Breast Cancer Screening in Semi-Rural Malaysia: Utilisation and Barriers
Breast cancer (BC) is the commonest cancer in Malaysia. Delayed diagnosis is a significant cause of BC mortality in the country. Early diagnosis and screening are vital strategies in mortality reduction. This study assessed the level of utilisation and barriers for breast self-examination (BSE), cli...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8656961/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34886015 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312293 |
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author | Mohan, Devi Su, Tin Tin Donnelly, Michael Hoe, Wilfred Mok Kok Schliemann, Désirée Tan, Min Min Reidpath, Daniel Taib, Nur Aishah Allotey, Pascale |
author_facet | Mohan, Devi Su, Tin Tin Donnelly, Michael Hoe, Wilfred Mok Kok Schliemann, Désirée Tan, Min Min Reidpath, Daniel Taib, Nur Aishah Allotey, Pascale |
author_sort | Mohan, Devi |
collection | PubMed |
description | Breast cancer (BC) is the commonest cancer in Malaysia. Delayed diagnosis is a significant cause of BC mortality in the country. Early diagnosis and screening are vital strategies in mortality reduction. This study assessed the level of utilisation and barriers for breast self-examination (BSE), clinical breast examination (CBE) and mammogram in a semi-rural population in Malaysia and compared these across the different ethnic groups. This cross-sectional study was conducted among women aged 40 years and above, embedded within a health and demographic surveillance site (HDSS) in Segamat, Malaysia. Trained data collectors collected data on screening and barriers during home visits. Study participants (n = 250) were aged 59.4 ± 10.9 years and represented Malaysia’s three major ethnic groups. Practice of regular BSE, CBE uptake (ever) and mammogram (ever) was 23.2%, 36% and 22.4%, respectively. Regular BSE practice was highest in the Malay ethnic group and least among the Chinese. Regular CBE was very low in all ethnic groups (<5%). Mammogram uptake was highest among Chinese (34.4%), followed by Indians (30.4%) and Malays (16.6%). After adjusting for other socio-demographic variables, Malay ethnicity was positively associated with regular BSE (adjusted OR = 5.26, 95% CI 2.05, 13.50) and negatively associated with having had a mammogram (adjusted OR = 0.3, 95% CI 0.15, 0.57). Lower education was negatively associated (adjusted OR = 0.36, 95% CI 0.17, 0.74) with mammogram attendance (ever). Emotional and financial barriers were the most reported types of barriers, specifically, fear of diagnosis (74.8%), cost of diagnosis (69.6%) and fear of losing a breast (66.4%). Malay women more commonly reported most barriers compared to other ethnic groups. Screening uptake was low among semi-rural women in Malaysia. Implementing culturally appropriate interventions that consider ethnic differences is crucial to empowering women to engage in BC screening initiatives in these communities. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8656961 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86569612021-12-10 Breast Cancer Screening in Semi-Rural Malaysia: Utilisation and Barriers Mohan, Devi Su, Tin Tin Donnelly, Michael Hoe, Wilfred Mok Kok Schliemann, Désirée Tan, Min Min Reidpath, Daniel Taib, Nur Aishah Allotey, Pascale Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Breast cancer (BC) is the commonest cancer in Malaysia. Delayed diagnosis is a significant cause of BC mortality in the country. Early diagnosis and screening are vital strategies in mortality reduction. This study assessed the level of utilisation and barriers for breast self-examination (BSE), clinical breast examination (CBE) and mammogram in a semi-rural population in Malaysia and compared these across the different ethnic groups. This cross-sectional study was conducted among women aged 40 years and above, embedded within a health and demographic surveillance site (HDSS) in Segamat, Malaysia. Trained data collectors collected data on screening and barriers during home visits. Study participants (n = 250) were aged 59.4 ± 10.9 years and represented Malaysia’s three major ethnic groups. Practice of regular BSE, CBE uptake (ever) and mammogram (ever) was 23.2%, 36% and 22.4%, respectively. Regular BSE practice was highest in the Malay ethnic group and least among the Chinese. Regular CBE was very low in all ethnic groups (<5%). Mammogram uptake was highest among Chinese (34.4%), followed by Indians (30.4%) and Malays (16.6%). After adjusting for other socio-demographic variables, Malay ethnicity was positively associated with regular BSE (adjusted OR = 5.26, 95% CI 2.05, 13.50) and negatively associated with having had a mammogram (adjusted OR = 0.3, 95% CI 0.15, 0.57). Lower education was negatively associated (adjusted OR = 0.36, 95% CI 0.17, 0.74) with mammogram attendance (ever). Emotional and financial barriers were the most reported types of barriers, specifically, fear of diagnosis (74.8%), cost of diagnosis (69.6%) and fear of losing a breast (66.4%). Malay women more commonly reported most barriers compared to other ethnic groups. Screening uptake was low among semi-rural women in Malaysia. Implementing culturally appropriate interventions that consider ethnic differences is crucial to empowering women to engage in BC screening initiatives in these communities. MDPI 2021-11-23 /pmc/articles/PMC8656961/ /pubmed/34886015 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312293 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Mohan, Devi Su, Tin Tin Donnelly, Michael Hoe, Wilfred Mok Kok Schliemann, Désirée Tan, Min Min Reidpath, Daniel Taib, Nur Aishah Allotey, Pascale Breast Cancer Screening in Semi-Rural Malaysia: Utilisation and Barriers |
title | Breast Cancer Screening in Semi-Rural Malaysia: Utilisation and Barriers |
title_full | Breast Cancer Screening in Semi-Rural Malaysia: Utilisation and Barriers |
title_fullStr | Breast Cancer Screening in Semi-Rural Malaysia: Utilisation and Barriers |
title_full_unstemmed | Breast Cancer Screening in Semi-Rural Malaysia: Utilisation and Barriers |
title_short | Breast Cancer Screening in Semi-Rural Malaysia: Utilisation and Barriers |
title_sort | breast cancer screening in semi-rural malaysia: utilisation and barriers |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8656961/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34886015 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312293 |
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