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RAP1/TERF2IP—A Multifunctional Player in Cancer Development
SIMPLE SUMMARY: RAP1 (TERF2IP) is a member of the shelterin complex that protects telomeric DNA and plays a critical role in maintaining chromosome stability. However, mammalian RAP1 was recently found to have additional functions apart from telomeres, acting as a regulator of the NF-κB pathway and...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8657031/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34885080 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13235970 |
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author | Deregowska, Anna Wnuk, Maciej |
author_facet | Deregowska, Anna Wnuk, Maciej |
author_sort | Deregowska, Anna |
collection | PubMed |
description | SIMPLE SUMMARY: RAP1 (TERF2IP) is a member of the shelterin complex that protects telomeric DNA and plays a critical role in maintaining chromosome stability. However, mammalian RAP1 was recently found to have additional functions apart from telomeres, acting as a regulator of the NF-κB pathway and transcription factor, and has been suggested that they have putative roles in cancer development. Here, we focus on the main roles of RAP1 in different mechanisms of oncogenesis, progression, and chemoresistance, and consider the clinical significance of findings about its regulation and biological functions. ABSTRACT: Mammalian RAP1 (TERF2IP), the most conserved shelterin component, plays a pleiotropic role in the regulation of a variety of cellular processes, including cell metabolism, DNA damage response, and NF-κB signaling, beyond its canonical telomeric role. Moreover, it has been demonstrated to be involved in oncogenesis, progression, and chemoresistance in human cancers. Several mutations and different expression patterns of RAP1 in cancers have been reported. However, the functions and mechanisms of RAP1 in various cancers have not been extensively studied, suggesting the necessity of further investigations. In this review, we summarize the main roles of RAP1 in different mechanisms of cancer development and chemoresistance, with special emphasis on the contribution of RAP1 mutations, expression patterns, and regulation by non-coding RNA, and briefly discuss telomeric and non-telomeric functions. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8657031 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86570312021-12-10 RAP1/TERF2IP—A Multifunctional Player in Cancer Development Deregowska, Anna Wnuk, Maciej Cancers (Basel) Review SIMPLE SUMMARY: RAP1 (TERF2IP) is a member of the shelterin complex that protects telomeric DNA and plays a critical role in maintaining chromosome stability. However, mammalian RAP1 was recently found to have additional functions apart from telomeres, acting as a regulator of the NF-κB pathway and transcription factor, and has been suggested that they have putative roles in cancer development. Here, we focus on the main roles of RAP1 in different mechanisms of oncogenesis, progression, and chemoresistance, and consider the clinical significance of findings about its regulation and biological functions. ABSTRACT: Mammalian RAP1 (TERF2IP), the most conserved shelterin component, plays a pleiotropic role in the regulation of a variety of cellular processes, including cell metabolism, DNA damage response, and NF-κB signaling, beyond its canonical telomeric role. Moreover, it has been demonstrated to be involved in oncogenesis, progression, and chemoresistance in human cancers. Several mutations and different expression patterns of RAP1 in cancers have been reported. However, the functions and mechanisms of RAP1 in various cancers have not been extensively studied, suggesting the necessity of further investigations. In this review, we summarize the main roles of RAP1 in different mechanisms of cancer development and chemoresistance, with special emphasis on the contribution of RAP1 mutations, expression patterns, and regulation by non-coding RNA, and briefly discuss telomeric and non-telomeric functions. MDPI 2021-11-27 /pmc/articles/PMC8657031/ /pubmed/34885080 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13235970 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Deregowska, Anna Wnuk, Maciej RAP1/TERF2IP—A Multifunctional Player in Cancer Development |
title | RAP1/TERF2IP—A Multifunctional Player in Cancer Development |
title_full | RAP1/TERF2IP—A Multifunctional Player in Cancer Development |
title_fullStr | RAP1/TERF2IP—A Multifunctional Player in Cancer Development |
title_full_unstemmed | RAP1/TERF2IP—A Multifunctional Player in Cancer Development |
title_short | RAP1/TERF2IP—A Multifunctional Player in Cancer Development |
title_sort | rap1/terf2ip—a multifunctional player in cancer development |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8657031/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34885080 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13235970 |
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