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How Do Pharmacists Practice in Aged Care? A Narrative Review of Models from Australia, England, and the United States of America

Medication management in residential aged care facilities (RACFs) is complex and often sub-optimal. Pharmacist practice models and services have emerged internationally to address medication-related issues in RACFs. This narrative review aimed to explore pharmacist practice models in aged care in Au...

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Autores principales: Haider, Ibrahim, Naunton, Mark, Davey, Rachel, Peterson, Gregory M., Baqir, Wasim, Kosari, Sam
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8657381/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34886501
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312773
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author Haider, Ibrahim
Naunton, Mark
Davey, Rachel
Peterson, Gregory M.
Baqir, Wasim
Kosari, Sam
author_facet Haider, Ibrahim
Naunton, Mark
Davey, Rachel
Peterson, Gregory M.
Baqir, Wasim
Kosari, Sam
author_sort Haider, Ibrahim
collection PubMed
description Medication management in residential aged care facilities (RACFs) is complex and often sub-optimal. Pharmacist practice models and services have emerged internationally to address medication-related issues in RACFs. This narrative review aimed to explore pharmacist practice models in aged care in Australia, England and the USA, and identify key activities and characteristics within each model. A search strategy using key terms was performed in peer-reviewed databases, as well as the grey literature. Additionally, experts from the selected countries were consulted to obtain further information about the practice models in their respective countries. Thirty-six documents met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Four major pharmacist practice models were identified and formed the focus of the review: (1) the NHS’s Medicine Optimisation in Care Homes (MOCH) program from England; (2) the Australian model utilising visiting accredited pharmacists; (3) the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid (CMS) pharmacy services in long-term care from the USA; and (4) the Medication Therapy Management (MTM) program from the USA. Medication reviews were key activities in all models, but each had distinct characteristics in relation to the comprehensiveness, who is eligible, and how frequently residents receive medication review activity. There was heterogeneity in the types of facility-level activities offered by pharmacists, and further research is needed to determine the effectiveness of these activities in improving quality use of medicines in the aged care setting. This review found that in some models, pharmacists have a limited level of collaboration with other healthcare professionals, emphasising the need to trial innovative models with integrated services and increased collaboration to achieve a holistic patient-centred approach to medication management.
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spelling pubmed-86573812021-12-10 How Do Pharmacists Practice in Aged Care? A Narrative Review of Models from Australia, England, and the United States of America Haider, Ibrahim Naunton, Mark Davey, Rachel Peterson, Gregory M. Baqir, Wasim Kosari, Sam Int J Environ Res Public Health Review Medication management in residential aged care facilities (RACFs) is complex and often sub-optimal. Pharmacist practice models and services have emerged internationally to address medication-related issues in RACFs. This narrative review aimed to explore pharmacist practice models in aged care in Australia, England and the USA, and identify key activities and characteristics within each model. A search strategy using key terms was performed in peer-reviewed databases, as well as the grey literature. Additionally, experts from the selected countries were consulted to obtain further information about the practice models in their respective countries. Thirty-six documents met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Four major pharmacist practice models were identified and formed the focus of the review: (1) the NHS’s Medicine Optimisation in Care Homes (MOCH) program from England; (2) the Australian model utilising visiting accredited pharmacists; (3) the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid (CMS) pharmacy services in long-term care from the USA; and (4) the Medication Therapy Management (MTM) program from the USA. Medication reviews were key activities in all models, but each had distinct characteristics in relation to the comprehensiveness, who is eligible, and how frequently residents receive medication review activity. There was heterogeneity in the types of facility-level activities offered by pharmacists, and further research is needed to determine the effectiveness of these activities in improving quality use of medicines in the aged care setting. This review found that in some models, pharmacists have a limited level of collaboration with other healthcare professionals, emphasising the need to trial innovative models with integrated services and increased collaboration to achieve a holistic patient-centred approach to medication management. MDPI 2021-12-03 /pmc/articles/PMC8657381/ /pubmed/34886501 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312773 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Haider, Ibrahim
Naunton, Mark
Davey, Rachel
Peterson, Gregory M.
Baqir, Wasim
Kosari, Sam
How Do Pharmacists Practice in Aged Care? A Narrative Review of Models from Australia, England, and the United States of America
title How Do Pharmacists Practice in Aged Care? A Narrative Review of Models from Australia, England, and the United States of America
title_full How Do Pharmacists Practice in Aged Care? A Narrative Review of Models from Australia, England, and the United States of America
title_fullStr How Do Pharmacists Practice in Aged Care? A Narrative Review of Models from Australia, England, and the United States of America
title_full_unstemmed How Do Pharmacists Practice in Aged Care? A Narrative Review of Models from Australia, England, and the United States of America
title_short How Do Pharmacists Practice in Aged Care? A Narrative Review of Models from Australia, England, and the United States of America
title_sort how do pharmacists practice in aged care? a narrative review of models from australia, england, and the united states of america
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8657381/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34886501
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312773
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