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Homodimeric and Heterodimeric Interactions among Vertebrate Basic Helix–Loop–Helix Transcription Factors
The basic helix–loop–helix transcription factor (bHLH TF) family is involved in tissue development, cell differentiation, and disease. These factors have transcriptionally positive, negative, and inactive functions by combining dimeric interactions among family members. The best known bHLH TFs are t...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8657788/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34884664 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222312855 |
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author | Torres-Machorro, Ana Lilia |
author_facet | Torres-Machorro, Ana Lilia |
author_sort | Torres-Machorro, Ana Lilia |
collection | PubMed |
description | The basic helix–loop–helix transcription factor (bHLH TF) family is involved in tissue development, cell differentiation, and disease. These factors have transcriptionally positive, negative, and inactive functions by combining dimeric interactions among family members. The best known bHLH TFs are the E-protein homodimers and heterodimers with the tissue-specific TFs or ID proteins. These cooperative and dynamic interactions result in a complex transcriptional network that helps define the cell’s fate. Here, the reported dimeric interactions of 67 vertebrate bHLH TFs with other family members are summarized in tables, including specifications of the experimental techniques that defined the dimers. The compilation of these extensive data underscores homodimers of tissue-specific bHLH TFs as a central part of the bHLH regulatory network, with relevant positive and negative transcriptional regulatory roles. Furthermore, some sequence-specific TFs can also form transcriptionally inactive heterodimers with each other. The function, classification, and developmental role for all vertebrate bHLH TFs in four major classes are detailed. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8657788 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86577882021-12-10 Homodimeric and Heterodimeric Interactions among Vertebrate Basic Helix–Loop–Helix Transcription Factors Torres-Machorro, Ana Lilia Int J Mol Sci Review The basic helix–loop–helix transcription factor (bHLH TF) family is involved in tissue development, cell differentiation, and disease. These factors have transcriptionally positive, negative, and inactive functions by combining dimeric interactions among family members. The best known bHLH TFs are the E-protein homodimers and heterodimers with the tissue-specific TFs or ID proteins. These cooperative and dynamic interactions result in a complex transcriptional network that helps define the cell’s fate. Here, the reported dimeric interactions of 67 vertebrate bHLH TFs with other family members are summarized in tables, including specifications of the experimental techniques that defined the dimers. The compilation of these extensive data underscores homodimers of tissue-specific bHLH TFs as a central part of the bHLH regulatory network, with relevant positive and negative transcriptional regulatory roles. Furthermore, some sequence-specific TFs can also form transcriptionally inactive heterodimers with each other. The function, classification, and developmental role for all vertebrate bHLH TFs in four major classes are detailed. MDPI 2021-11-28 /pmc/articles/PMC8657788/ /pubmed/34884664 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222312855 Text en © 2021 by the author. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Torres-Machorro, Ana Lilia Homodimeric and Heterodimeric Interactions among Vertebrate Basic Helix–Loop–Helix Transcription Factors |
title | Homodimeric and Heterodimeric Interactions among Vertebrate Basic Helix–Loop–Helix Transcription Factors |
title_full | Homodimeric and Heterodimeric Interactions among Vertebrate Basic Helix–Loop–Helix Transcription Factors |
title_fullStr | Homodimeric and Heterodimeric Interactions among Vertebrate Basic Helix–Loop–Helix Transcription Factors |
title_full_unstemmed | Homodimeric and Heterodimeric Interactions among Vertebrate Basic Helix–Loop–Helix Transcription Factors |
title_short | Homodimeric and Heterodimeric Interactions among Vertebrate Basic Helix–Loop–Helix Transcription Factors |
title_sort | homodimeric and heterodimeric interactions among vertebrate basic helix–loop–helix transcription factors |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8657788/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34884664 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222312855 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT torresmachorroanalilia homodimericandheterodimericinteractionsamongvertebratebasichelixloophelixtranscriptionfactors |