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Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of TIG and ATIG Welded 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel with Multi-Components Flux Optimization Using Mixing Design Method and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)

In this study, the effects of pseudo-ternary oxides on mechanical properties and microstructure of 316L stainless steel tungsten inert gas (TIG) and activating tungsten inert gas (ATIG) welded joints were investigated. The novelty in this work is introducing a metaheuristic technique called the part...

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Autores principales: Hedhibi, Abdeljlil Chihaoui, Touileb, Kamel, Djoudjou, Rachid, Ouis, Abousoufiane, Alrobei, Hussein, Ahmed, Mohamed M. Z.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8658163/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34885295
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14237139
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author Hedhibi, Abdeljlil Chihaoui
Touileb, Kamel
Djoudjou, Rachid
Ouis, Abousoufiane
Alrobei, Hussein
Ahmed, Mohamed M. Z.
author_facet Hedhibi, Abdeljlil Chihaoui
Touileb, Kamel
Djoudjou, Rachid
Ouis, Abousoufiane
Alrobei, Hussein
Ahmed, Mohamed M. Z.
author_sort Hedhibi, Abdeljlil Chihaoui
collection PubMed
description In this study, the effects of pseudo-ternary oxides on mechanical properties and microstructure of 316L stainless steel tungsten inert gas (TIG) and activating tungsten inert gas (ATIG) welded joints were investigated. The novelty in this work is introducing a metaheuristic technique called the particle swarm optimization (PSO) method to develop a mathematical model of the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) in terms of proportions of oxides flux. A constrained optimization algorithm available in Matlab 2020 optimization toolbox is used to find the optimal percentages of the selected powders that provide the maximum UTS. The study indicates that the optimal composition of flux was: 32% Cr(2)O(3), 43% ZrO(2), 8% Si(2)O, and 17% CaF(2). The UTS was 571 MPa for conventional TIG weld and rose to 600 MPa for the optimal ATIG flux. The obtained result of hardness for the optimal ATIG was 176 HV against 175 HV for conventional TIG weld. The energy absorbed in the weld zone during the impact test was 267 J/cm(2) for the optimal ATIG weld and slightly higher than that of conventional TIG weld 256 J/cm(2). Fracture surface examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) shows ductile fracture for ATIG weld with small and multiple dimples in comparison for TIG weld. Moreover, the depth of optimized flux is greater than that of TIG weld by two times. The ratio D/W was improved by 3.13 times. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis shows traces of the sulfur element in the TIG weld zone.
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spelling pubmed-86581632021-12-10 Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of TIG and ATIG Welded 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel with Multi-Components Flux Optimization Using Mixing Design Method and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) Hedhibi, Abdeljlil Chihaoui Touileb, Kamel Djoudjou, Rachid Ouis, Abousoufiane Alrobei, Hussein Ahmed, Mohamed M. Z. Materials (Basel) Article In this study, the effects of pseudo-ternary oxides on mechanical properties and microstructure of 316L stainless steel tungsten inert gas (TIG) and activating tungsten inert gas (ATIG) welded joints were investigated. The novelty in this work is introducing a metaheuristic technique called the particle swarm optimization (PSO) method to develop a mathematical model of the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) in terms of proportions of oxides flux. A constrained optimization algorithm available in Matlab 2020 optimization toolbox is used to find the optimal percentages of the selected powders that provide the maximum UTS. The study indicates that the optimal composition of flux was: 32% Cr(2)O(3), 43% ZrO(2), 8% Si(2)O, and 17% CaF(2). The UTS was 571 MPa for conventional TIG weld and rose to 600 MPa for the optimal ATIG flux. The obtained result of hardness for the optimal ATIG was 176 HV against 175 HV for conventional TIG weld. The energy absorbed in the weld zone during the impact test was 267 J/cm(2) for the optimal ATIG weld and slightly higher than that of conventional TIG weld 256 J/cm(2). Fracture surface examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) shows ductile fracture for ATIG weld with small and multiple dimples in comparison for TIG weld. Moreover, the depth of optimized flux is greater than that of TIG weld by two times. The ratio D/W was improved by 3.13 times. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis shows traces of the sulfur element in the TIG weld zone. MDPI 2021-11-24 /pmc/articles/PMC8658163/ /pubmed/34885295 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14237139 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Hedhibi, Abdeljlil Chihaoui
Touileb, Kamel
Djoudjou, Rachid
Ouis, Abousoufiane
Alrobei, Hussein
Ahmed, Mohamed M. Z.
Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of TIG and ATIG Welded 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel with Multi-Components Flux Optimization Using Mixing Design Method and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)
title Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of TIG and ATIG Welded 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel with Multi-Components Flux Optimization Using Mixing Design Method and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)
title_full Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of TIG and ATIG Welded 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel with Multi-Components Flux Optimization Using Mixing Design Method and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)
title_fullStr Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of TIG and ATIG Welded 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel with Multi-Components Flux Optimization Using Mixing Design Method and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)
title_full_unstemmed Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of TIG and ATIG Welded 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel with Multi-Components Flux Optimization Using Mixing Design Method and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)
title_short Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of TIG and ATIG Welded 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel with Multi-Components Flux Optimization Using Mixing Design Method and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)
title_sort mechanical properties and microstructure of tig and atig welded 316l austenitic stainless steel with multi-components flux optimization using mixing design method and particle swarm optimization (pso)
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8658163/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34885295
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14237139
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